Programmable logic array and colorspace conversions

ABSTRACT

Techniques to improve operation of a processor or device utilizing colorspace conversions and operations are provided. A system includes a programmable logic array that can perform, a colorspace conversion, which can in turn be by a distinct processor device. The colorspace conversion can be performed by the programmable logic in response to the change of a colorspace associated with a target, e.g. a real or virtual environment, and the colorspace conversion is intended to optimize the colorspace of an object, entity, or other environment in the changed real or virtual environment, and where the optimized object, entity or other environment can be used by the processor device as part of a computing application as suitable for that colorspace conversion, which can include but is not limited to augmented reality, printing of images, detection of images, global positioning, and detection of real and virtual objects in real or virtual environments.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/673,938, entitled “PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC ARRAY AND COLORSPACE CONVERSIONS” filed on Nov. 4, 2019. The contents of the aforementioned application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Since time immemorial, certain materials (e.g., paint, ink, and/or the like) have been used to memorialize scenes and/or objects into semi-permanent to permanent mediums. Such memorialization includes efforts in photography to create photos. Computer technologies allow for digitization and detections of these photos into images and have introduced image processing as a technical field. Edge detection constitutes at least one aspect of image processing and has applications in a number of cases.

It is with respect to these and other considerations that the present improvements have been needed.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some novel embodiments described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview, and it is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope thereof. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

One aspect of the present disclosure includes an apparatus with a programmable logic array and for utilizing colorspace techniques. The apparatus includes: a memory to store instructions, and processing circuitry, coupled with the memory, operable to execute the instructions, that when executed, cause the processing circuitry to: instruct a configurable logic array to perform one or more colorspace conversions, and utilize the one or more colorspace conversions for a detection operation associated with a processor device distinct from the configurable logic array.

Another aspect of the present disclosure includes a method for performing colorspace techniques utilizing a programmable logic array. The method includes: performing one or more colorspace conversions with a configurable logic array and utilizing the one or more colorspace conversions for a detection operation associated with at least one processor device distinct from the configurable logic array.

Yet another aspect of the present disclosure includes a system for performing and/or utilizing colorspace conversions. The system can include: a plurality of field programmable gate arrays, and a processor device, where the plurality of field programmable gate arrays perform one or more colorspace conversions in response to a detected environmental change, and where at least one of the one or more colorspace conversion is based on optimizing a detection of an object entering an environment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a system utilizing a programmable logic array to perform colorspace conversions in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A illustrates an embodiment of a clustering process in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B illustrates an embodiment of a colorspace conversion in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a centralized system for colorspace utilization techniques and in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of an operating environment for colorspace utilization techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A illustrates an embodiment of a first logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5B illustrates an embodiment of a second logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5C illustrates an embodiment of a third logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5D illustrates an embodiment of a fourth logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5E illustrates an embodiment of a fifth logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5F illustrates an embodiment of a sixth logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5G illustrates an embodiment of a seventh logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5H illustrates an embodiment of an eighth logic flow utilizing colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6A illustrates formation of a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6B illustrates formation of a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6C illustrates formation of a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7A illustrates a computer device for generating and scanning a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7B illustrates a computer device for generating and/or scanning a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7C illustrates an augmented reality system utilizing one or more colorspace techniques in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) for the system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a computing architecture.

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a communications architecture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments of the present disclosure offer the ability to take advantage of offloading the performance of a colorspace conversion to a programable logic array, such as any suitable field programmable logic array (“FPGA”), and having a processor device that is configured to execute other, computing-power intensive functions, such as augmented reality processing, visual mapping, general image processing and detection, barcode formation operations, barcode detection operations, and/or any other operation where a colorspace conversion or determination can be useful, utilize the colorspace conversion in execution of activity related to those operations. For example, in performing an operation associated with detecting a virtual object in a virtual environment, a processor associated with performing one or more rendering operations can detect an actual or predicted change in the virtual environment and determine that the colorspace of the virtual object be changed for detection purposes. Since rendering and augmented reality operations are intensive, having a programmable logic array configured to perform the colorspace modification, based on pre-set input data that accounts for expected changes and/or dynamically updated data that otherwise accounts for the colorspace change in the environment, increases the efficiency, speed, and capabilities of the processor device, while simultaneously enhancing the accuracy associated with subsequent detection operations of the object that will be updated based on the colorspace changes. Although the augmented reality context is provided as an example of the utility of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, offloading the colorspace conversion to the programmable logic array can improve the functionality of the processor carrying out other tasks in completely different contexts, including detection and navigation activity in real-world settings, and other applications where utilizing a colorspace conversion is useful. Furthermore, although the present disclosure provides for various colorspace conversion techniques, the offloading of a colorspace conversion to a programmable logic array, including where the offloading occurs in the context of detecting a change with respect to a target (e.g. environment) and performing the conversion in relation, response and with use in association thereto, and where the conversion is useful to a processor carrying out activities that uses the colorspace conversion, any colorspace conversion, including black, white, and grey-scale conversions, in addition to non-black, non-white, and non-grey-scale conversions, can be used consistent with one or more embodiments as disclosed herein.

Various embodiments are directed to improving image processing by identifying which colorspace model is most appropriate to use for detection in a particular environment, e.g., to convert between colorspace(s) to improve detection within particular environments or in association with particular targets. In various embodiments, the conversion between colorspace(s) provides for a matrix located on an object or displayed by an electronic device, where the matrix is optimized for detection in an environment by performing one or more colorspace conversions in generating the matrix. In one or more embodiments, the matrix is a matrix barcode, and in one or more embodiments, the matrix barcode is a fiducial marker.

In various embodiments, the colorspace conversion encodes information with respect to a matrix barcode, which permits proper scanning of the object associated with the matrix barcode, while preventing tampering and false verifications, e.g., the color-channels containing the information are tied to the conversion, and without having a scanning device accessing information related to the conversion, the scan cannot verify the object associated with the object and/or access any information associated therewith.

In various embodiments, a colorspace conversion provides for increasing the amount of information stored on the matrix, e.g., matrix barcode, as the color-channels associated with the converted-to (derivative) colorspace can be increased as needed, without any limitation (provided the scanning equipment is suitably configured to make detections when the matrix is scanned).

In various embodiments, to further increase the information associated with the matrix, add additional layers of security, and/or make optimal use of inks associated with printing the matrix, ultraviolet and/or infrared layers can be used with respect to the matrix.

In various embodiments, a computer device, such as a laptop, cellphone, tablet, or any other suitable device may generate an image before or after an initial colorspace conversion. An environmental change may occur such that the image may be more optimally displayed for detection in the environment if one or more colorspace conversions are performed on the image, including techniques outlined herein and above. The computer device may perform the relevant colorspace conversions and display an altered image after the environment changes, where the colorspace conversions are optimized in relation to the environment, and the computing device may be configured to continually sample images and/or other data associated with the environment to detect additional changes, and in response to those changes, continually optimize the displayed image utilizing additional colorspace conversions and techniques. In various embodiments, the displayed image may be a matrix barcode, a barcode, a fiducial marker, etc. Accordingly, one or more embodiments disclosed herein, in addition to other benefits outlined and described herein, a computer device offers the ability to dynamically improve detection of a displayed images by detecting changes in an associated environment (containing or associated with the displayed image) and altering the displayed image in response to those environmental changes by utilizing one or more colorspace conversion techniques to alter the displayed image.

Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure provide at least one of the following advantages: i) enahcing the efficiency of a processor device that utilizies colorspace conversions by offloading colorspace conversion operations to a programmable logic array, such as an FPGA, ii) increasing the accuracy and detection operations associated with a system employing the process device that utilizes the colorspace conversions by ensuring the conversion can still take place and be used accordingly and as necessary depending on the application at issue, iii) enhancing detection of an image, e.g., matrix, on an object in an environment, (as the matrix colors are selected and optimized with the colors of the environment in mind), iv) providing for a more secure verification, v) storing more information on the matrix, as there are no front-loaded limitations on how many color-channels can be employed, and the amount of information can be further increased, and a verification scan made more secure, by adding infrared or ultraviolet features, vi) offering the ability to dynamically alter a displayed image, and optimize it for detection, in light of environmental changes that occur in relation to the displayed image, vii) and/or any combination of these advantages and/or viii) any other advantage as implicitly or expressly disclosed in the present disclosure that is not expressly enumerated in this paragraph.

In various embodiments, the colorspace conversions improve edge detection. In image processing, edge detection is a known technical field and techniques for edge detection provide different results for different colorspace models. It is not unusual for one colorspace model to provide better results over another colorspace in edge detection because having image data in accordance with the colorspace model has a higher likelihood of success in edge detection than the other colorspace model.

Colorspace models are configured to represent color data, but most models differ in their representation of that color data. For instance, the CIELAB or LAB colorspace model represents the color as three values: L for the Luminance/Lightness and Alpha (A) and Beta (B) for the green-red and blue-yellow color components, respectively. The LAB colorspace model is typically used when converting from a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) colorspace model into Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (CMYK). For some images, representing its color data in the LAB colorspace model provides better edge detection results than other colorspace models, including the RGB model. As a result, the embodiments can improve affordability, scalability, modularity, extendibility, or interoperability for an operator, device or network that utilizes image detection as a means of verifying a transaction by providing a more effective and accurate manner of scanning an image associated with the verification (and by extension, minimizing redundant consumption of computer resources).

With general reference to notations and nomenclature used herein, the detailed descriptions which follow may be presented in terms of program procedures executed on a computer or network of computers. These procedural descriptions and representations are used by those skilled in the art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art.

A procedure is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of operations leading to a desired result. These operations are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical, magnetic or optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It proves convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. It should be noted, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to those quantities.

Further, the manipulations performed are often referred to in terms, such as adding or comparing, which are commonly associated with mental operations performed by a human operator. No such capability of a human operator is necessary, or desirable in most cases, in any of the operations described herein which form part of one or more embodiments. Rather, the operations are machine operations. Useful machines for performing operations of various embodiments include general purpose digital computers or similar devices.

Various embodiments also relate to apparatus or systems for performing these operations. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purpose, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer as selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. The procedures presented herein are not inherently related to a particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose machines may be used with programs written in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these machines may appear from the description given.

Reference is now made to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding thereof. It may be evident, however, that the novel embodiments can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to facilitate a description thereof. The intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives consistent with the claimed subject matter.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram for a system 100. Although the system 100 shown in FIG. 1 has a limited number of elements in a certain topology; it may be appreciated that the system 100 may include more or fewer elements in alternate topologies as desired for a given implementation. The system 100 may implement some or all of the structure and/or operations for the system 100 in a single computing entity, such as entirely within a single device.

The system 100 may comprise an apparatus 120. The apparatus 120 may be generally arranged to process input 110 using various components and generate output 130 of which (some) output 130 is displayed on a display device or printed on a suitable material surface. The apparatus 120 may comprise a processor 140 (e.g., processing circuit) and computer memory 150. The processing circuit 140 may be any type of logic circuit and the computer memory 150 may be a configuration of one or more memory units.

The apparatus 120 further includes logic 160 stored in the computer memory 150 and executed on the processing circuit 140 and the overall system 100 can include a separate programmable logic array 145 that is entirely distinct from apparatus 120 and processor circuit 140, but in communication therewith (e.g. via any suitable network connection, wireless connection and/or by any suitable direct or wired connection). In various embodiments, although now shown, the programmable logic array 145 can be part of apparatus 120 but separate from the processor circuit 140.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 can be a plurality of programmable logic arrays configured to carry out the operations as discussed herein, including a colorspace conversion, responsive to a change of a colorspace of a target (e.g. environmental change), where an object, entity, or environment can be optimized (e.g. for detection) by the colorspace conversion in relation to the changed target, and where the colorspace conversion can be used by any suitable processor, e.g. processor 140, that is distinct from the plurality of programmable logic arrays 145, and for any suitable operation or computing application where a colorspace conversion is useful, including but not limited to augmented or virtual reality applications, global-positioning applications, general detection applications, image formation applications, etc.

In various embodiments. In various embodiments, although separate from the apparatus 120, the programmable logic array 145 can utilize one or more components of the apparatus 120 to carry out its functions, including but not limited the camera 195 and/or the scanning device 197. In various embodiments, although not expressly shown, the camera 195 and/or scanning device 197 are part of the unit (e.g. 145) associated programmable logic array 145, so as to increase processing speed and/or computer efficiency, and apparatus 120 may or may not have separate camera or scanning devices. the logic 160 is operative to cause the processing circuit 140 to perform a colorspace operation 181. The colorspace operation 181 can utilize a colorspace conversion that is obtained from any other device, which is distinct from the processing circuity 140 of apparatus 120, including the programmable logic array 145 (discussed in greater detail below). The colorspace conversion can be used for any purpose whatsoever, including for operations related to global-positioning applications (GPS), augmented reality operations, detection operations, tag formation operations (e.g. tags with barcodes based on colorspace changes), detection of tags (e.g. tags with barcodes based on colorspace conversions), detection of real-world objects based on environmental changes, etc. In various embodiments, the logic 160 is operative to cause the processing circuity to perform the colorspace operation 181 in coordination with a colorspace detection operation 182.

In various embodiments, the colorspace detection operation 182 communicates with any other suitable component of the apparatus 120, such as scanning device 197, camera device 195, and/or any other suitable device to determine when a target (e.g. real or virtual entity, environment, or object) is experiencing and/or will experience a change in colorspace, and once the determination is made, and in response thereto, the logic 160 can cause the processing circuit 140 to request that the colorspace operation 181 either obtain a colorspace conversion that is stored in memory that can be useful in view of that actual or upcoming change and/or instruct the programmable logic array 145 (e.g. FPGA) to carry out a colorspace conversion in response thereto, and transmit it to the apparatus 120, where the colorspace operation 181 can use it depending on the application at issue. For example, any context where a change in environment, whether a real or virtual environment and/or whether the change is anticipated (e.g. based on time) or actual (the colors of the environment have changed) and the detection of an object associated with that environment, e.g. object in a virtual world, dynamic matrix barcode in a real work, real-world object that has at least one surface that can be changed (e.g. display) for detection by a scanner, etc., can be enhanced with a colorspace conversion in light of that change, can be the colorspace operation. By way of non-limiting examples, the colorspace operation 181 can be to optimize the colorspace of a matrix barcode as displayed on a display and in light of environmental changes (using any suitable technique, including as outlined herein) and/or the colorspace operation 181 can be changing the colorspace distribution of a virtual object in an augmented or virtual reality based on changes associated with the colorspace of the virtual or augmented reality. The actual colorspace conversion can be performed in real-time by the programmable logic array 145 and transmitted to the apparatus 120 (and by extension for use by processor 140) and/or it can be stored in memory (not shown) for future and repetitive use by the apparatus 120, e.g. where the change in colorspace is predictable (e.g. day to night and night to day based on time). Whatever the context, the processor 140 is free to carry out other operations which are application dependent, e.g. augmented reality, printing, detecting, etc. without being encumbered with having to perform the actual colorspace conversion.

In various embodiments, the system 100 includes a power efficiency component 183 that can compute if the colorspace conversion performed by the programmable logic array 145, e.g. such as an FPGA, is more power efficient than having one or more components of apparatus 120 perform the colorspace computation in-situ, including having the colorspace operation 181 configured to actually perform any required colorspace conversion in coordination with the colorspace detection operation 182. In various embodiments, when the colorspace detection operation 182 detects a colorspace change in relation to a target where a detection in relation to the target (e.g. environment) can be optimized by performing a colorspace conversion in on an environment, object, and/or entity, then the logic 160 can cause the processing circuit 140 to instruct the colorspace operation 181 to determine if performing the colorspace conversion associated with the particular application and target would be cost-efficient, and if so, the colorspace conversion can be performed by the colorspace operation 181 and/or any other suitable component of apparatus 120, otherwise, the colorspace conversion is performed by the programmable logic array 145 and utilized by the apparatus 120 as otherwise described herein and/or as otherwise suitable.

In various embodiments, the efficiency determination by the colorspace operation 181 can be based on a computation if programming the programmable logic array 145, e.g. FPGA, and/or reprogramming the programmable logic array 145 can yield power savings, e.g. a suitable high-level equation for making this determination can be expressed by Equation Power as follows: (the estimated reduced processing cost per frame of the processor 140 and/or other suitable components of apparatus 120)*(the estimated time in area in relation thereto)−(the estimated cost to program or reprogram the programmable logic array). Any other suitable power efficiency calculation or scheme can be used to make the determination.

In various embodiments, as stated and implied, the programmable logic array 145 can perform any colorspace operation and with respect to any image data or data set applicable to a particular computing application or context associated with apparatus 120, e.g. augmented reality, detection, etc.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 can process image data of image datasets 170 into patched image data where the image data is being configured in accordance with a colorspace model as discussed herein. For example, the colorspace model, as described herein refers to any suitable colorspace model, such as Red-Green-Blue (RGB), Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (CMYK), Luminance-Alpha-Beta (LAB), and/or the like. For example, the Alpha and Beta channels of the LAB colorspace model refer to green-red and blue-yellow color components, respectively. The green-red component may represent a variance between red and green with green in the negative direction, and red in the positive direction along an axis and the blue-yellow component may represent a variance between blue and yellow with blue in the negative direction and yellow in the positive direction along an axis. In various embodiments, an edge may be defined (mathematically) as each pixel location where the Alpha channel has a value of zero (0) or near zero.

In various embodiments, the patched image data includes a plurality of patches of which each patch comprises color data (e.g., pixel data where each pixel is represented as a tuple of Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color intensities). As described herein, one colorspace model (e.g., RGB) may correspond to a higher likelihood of success in edge detection than another colorspace model. Some images provide optimal or near-optimal edge detection results when arranged in RGB while other images provide optimal or near-optimal edge detection results when arranged in LAB or an XYZ colorspace and vice versa.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 can perform a suitable operation to apply a colorspace transform mechanism 180 to the image data to generate the transformed image data in accordance with the other colorspace model. Then, the programmable logic array 145 can be operative to cause the application of an edge detection technique 190 to the transformed image data. The edge detection technique 190 is an image processing technique that refers to any one of a number of algorithms for identifying edges or boundaries of objects within images. In general, the edge detection technique 190 provides information (e.g., pixel data) indicating positions of edges in the image data of the image datasets 170. Some implementations of the edge detection technique 190 operate by detecting discontinuities in brightness and, for those implementations, having the image data in a LAB colorspace, or XYZ colorspace over RGB provides more precise edge detection results. Some implementations of the edge detection technique 190 provide accurate edge detection results when the image data is modeled according to HCL (Hue-Chroma-Luminance) instead of RGB.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 is further operative to identify an image group corresponding to the patched image data. The image datasets 170 further includes image group model data correlating images with a colorspace model most likely to provide appropriate edge detection results. In various embodiments, the image group model data indicates which colorspace model to use in transforming a given image prior to edge detection to achieve near-optimal edge detection results. The programmable logic array 145 is further operative to select a colorspace transform mechanism 180 based upon the image group. The colorspace transform mechanism 180 is operative to transform the image data into transformed image data in accordance with another colorspace model, the other colorspace model having a higher likelihood than the colorspace model at edge detection for the image group. It is appreciated that the other colorspace model may be any colorspace model, including those with a different number of channels than the colorspace model.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 is further operative to determine a colorspace that is optimal for detection in association with a particular object, entity, or environment, where a colorspace or histogram representation of the particular object, entity or environment can be part of the image datasets 170. The programmable logic array 145 is further operative to determine the optimal colorspace based on one or more colorspace conversion operations, where the colorspace conversion operations can provide a mechanism for altering the colorspace distribution of a virtual object in a virtual environment, for altering a colorspace of at least one surface of an object for detection in a real world (e.g. a car with a surface that can be changed, e.g. a display, that can be detected by a global-position-system, e.g. GPS), a tag with an alterable mechanism for detection, such as a dynamic barcode, a mechanism for encoding information in any suitable medium, including but not limited to a matrix, such as a matrix barcode, a fiducial marker, any other suitable barcode, or any other suitable image, and/or any other application where a colorspace conversion can enhance detection of an object, entity, or environment in light of other colorspace changes, including where colorspace changes with an environment have occurred, and objects or entities therein would benefit from a colorspace change in the detection context. In various embodiments, by way of additional example the programmable logic array 145 is operative to generate a scheme for a matrix, e.g., a matrix barcode, fiducial marker, etc. based on the colorspace determination and for detection in relation to the particular object, entity, or environment. The programmable logic array 145 is further operative can be further operative to cause the processing circuit 140 to provide for a scheme to add at least one ultraviolet layer and infrared layer to an image, such as a matrix or matrix barcode, useful for detection in relation to the particular object, entity, or environment, where the ultraviolet layer and/or infrared layer add additional data carrying capacity and/or security to the detectable image.

The one or more colorspace models as described herein, as stated and implied elsewhere herein, refers to any suitable colorspace model, such as colorspace employing a tristimulus system or scheme, the Red-Green-Blue (RGB), the Luminance-Alpha-Beta (LAB), an XYZ colorspace, and/or the like and/or variations of the same. Similarly, although various embodiments may refer to a particular conversion from one specific colorspace to another specific colorspace, conversions between other color spaces are contemplated and consistent with the teachings of the present disclosure.

In various embodiments, as described herein, one colorspace model (e.g., RGB or XYZ) may correspond to a higher likelihood of success in edge detection than another colorspace model in terms of detection of a displayed or printed image, e.g. barcode, in relation to an object, entity, or environment with a particular color distribution. Moreover, particular colors and color-channels associated with a colorspace may offer superior edge detection in relation to the object, entity, or environment. Some images provide optimal or near-optimal edge detection results when arranged in RGB while other images provide optimal or near-optimal edge detection results when arranged in XYZ or LAB and vice versa. By way of example, an image depicting a red balloon on a green field would appear much different in RGB than in LAB; therefore, with respect to edge detection, LAB would provide a higher likelihood than RGB at successfully identifying and locating edges (e.g., boundaries) of the red balloon, or a matrix, e.g., barcode or fiducial marker, that had a red color in the green environment.

In various embodiments, a color-channel is a distribution of colors with a first color and second color of first and second highest prevalence, respectively, where the first color becomes a minimum in the color channel and the second color becomes the maximum such that the boundary may be a transition between these colors. This boundary may be at least one pixel where the color changed from the first to the second color or vice versa. If the first color is set to zero (0) and the second color is set to two hundred and fifty-five (255), then, mathematically, this boundary may be located at pixel(s) that jumped between the minimum and maximum value; for example, there may be sharp division (i.e., thin boundary) in which at least two neighboring pixels transition immediately between 0 and 255. In various embodiments, color-channels, e.g., “R,” “G,” and “B” define a colorspace such as RGB (e.g., a first colorspace based on a tristimulus system), and in various embodiments custom color-channels can be created using a (second) tristimulus system associated with and defining an XYZ colorspace (and/or conversions to an XYZ colorspace). In various embodiments, the color-channels can be greater than three.

In various embodiments, as discussed herein, one or more color-channel ranges are selected such that a maximum color value of one or more color channel corresponds to a unique color value, most prevalent color value, and/or highest color value of a target object, entity, and/or environment associated with a scan and the minimum color value of the color-channel corresponds to a most unique color, most prevalent color value and/or highest color value of the scannable image, e.g. matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker, where additionally, the most prevalent value and/or highest color value of the scannable image is also a least prevalent (lowest color value) and/or absent from the target object, entity, and/or environment associated with the scan, or visa-versa (e.g., with respect to the maximum or minimum values).

In various embodiments, as described herein, particular objects, entities, or environments may have color distributions that make more complicated and varied colorspaces, and colors and color-channels associated therewith, including colors imperceptible by the human eye, more attractive for detection, in addition to increasing capacity for storage and encryption of information. As such, in various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 is further operative to identify an image group corresponding to the patched image data. The image datasets 170 further includes image group model data correlating images with a colorspace transform model most likely to provide appropriate edge detection results. In some embodiments, the image group model data indicates which colorspace transform model to use in transforming a given image prior to edge detection in order to achieve near-optimal edge detection results. The programmable logic array 145 is further operative to select a colorspace transform mechanism 180 based upon the image group. The colorspace transform mechanism 180 is operative to transform the image data into transformed image data in accordance with another colorspace model, the other colorspace model having a higher likelihood than the colorspace model at edge detection for the image group.

In various embodiments, as stated and implied, the system 100 can include one or more of a camera or video device 195 and/or one or more of a scanning device 197, where both device 195 and device 197 can be any suitable device for obtaining, capturing, editing, and/or scanning images, including but not limited to video or camera pictures, of objects, entities, and/or environments. In various embodiments, the system 100 can include a display 198. The logic 160 and/or programmable logic array 145 further operative can be configured to capture or scan images of a particular object, entity or environment using device 195 and/or device 197, where the captured images can become part of image datasets 170 and used for determining suitable colorspaces, performing colorspace conversions by programmable logic array 145, and/or scanning images determined from colorspace conversions, as may be consistent with the teachings provided herein.

In various embodiments, the system 100 can include a printing device 199 (e.g. printer) or an application for the same, where images part of image datasets 170 and/or images generated by one or more components of system 100, e.g. images based on a colorspace optimization conversions performed by programmable logic array 145, and by applying a colorspace transformation technique or mechanism, such as a scannable matrix, matrix barcode, or fiducial marker can be printed by printing device 199 and/or printing device 199 can provide a scheme for another device to print or generate an image in association with the scannable matrix, matrix barcode, or fiducial marker.

In various embodiments, the logic 160 and/or programmable logic array 145 may be configured to instruct one or more of the camera 195 and/or scanning device 197 to continuously scan an object, entity, or environment that is associated with an initial image, including but not limited to an image displayed on display 198, for the purpose of determining when a change of a colorspace has occurred with respect to a target, and then changing or optimizing the colorspace of something else, and dependent on the computing application at issue, in response thereto. In various embodiments the displayed image may be an initial matrix, a matrix barcode, and/or a fiducial marker that is created using one or more techniques as outlined herein, including using the image processing, image generation, and/or colorspace conversion techniques as discussed herein, including but not limited to utilizing the techniques, operations, and systems associated with FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIGS. 5E-5H, and FIGS. 6A-6E, and/or any other suitable image processing technique and/or colorspace conversion technique, and where the colorspace conversions are performed by a suitable programmable logic array, e.g. array 145, and used by a suitable processor device, e.g. processor circuit 140. Alternatively, the displayed image may be a matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker that is displayed without an associated colorspace conversion technique, e.g. the logic 160 or other suitable component instructs the display 198 to display an initial image, e.g. matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker without, initially, considering an associated entity, environment, or object associated with the displayed image. In various embodiments, the initial or first displayed image is a matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker that is colored, e.g., not black, white, or based on a greyscale.

In various embodiments, whether the initial displayed image was associated with an optimization technique or not, the logic 160 causes the processing circuity 140 to instruct one or more of the camera 195 and/or scanning device 197 to detect a change to an object, entity, or environment associated with the display 197 using detection operation 182, and wherein various embodiments the detection is with respect to an environment associated with the display 197 and the displayed image of the display, e.g., a matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker. For example, the logic 160 may cause the processing circuity 140 to instruct the camera 195 and/or scanning device to continually scan the color distribution of the environment to detect a change in the color distribution or colorspace associated therewith, e.g., if the environment changes a lighting scheme, a change in shades occurs as a result of changes in time, new items are introduced into the environment that impacts the shadow profile and/or otherwise alters the colorspace distribution, new colors are applied in the environment (e.g., walls are painted a new color), or any other suitable change that produces a colorspace change. In various embodiments, once the change in the object, entity or environment is scanned, programmable logic array 145 determines an optimal colorspace in relation to the object, entity, or environment, and where the optimal-colorspace can refer to optimization in relation to detecting a displayed image in association with the entity, environment, or object. The colorspace optimization may be any (or may utilize) any suitable optimization, image processing technique, and/or image processing system, including but not limited to an embodiment directed to colorspace optimization as discussed herein, e.g., FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIGS. 5E-5Hand FIGS. 6A-6E.

In various embodiments, once the optimal colorspace is determined, then the logic 160 may cause the processing circuity 140 to perform the colorspace operation 181 utilizing the colorspace conversion performed by the programmable logic array 145, which in the context of fiducial markers and/or barcodes can be to configure the display 198 to alter the displayed image in accordance with the optimal colorspace, e.g. a new matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker is displayed on display 198 such that it has a colorspace distribution (e.g., the colors making up the image) that are optimized for scanning, e.g., by the scanning device 197, or any other suitable component, in relation to the environment where a scan may take place (or an object or entity associated with a scan). Accordingly, in various embodiments, the alteration to the displayed image enhances the ability of the displayed image to be detected in relation to an object, entity, or environment where a scan may take place.

In various embodiments, a representative dataset that can be used to determine an optimal colorspace from an associated object, entity, or environment, may be obtained by programmable logic array 145 being operative to and/or the logic 160 causing the processing circuity 140 to instruct the scanner 197 and/or camera 195 to take one or images and/or videos of the changed object, environment, and/or entity, and construct a dataset for colorspace optimization (e.g. pursuant to the technique of FIG. 2B by way of non-limiting example). As discussed in greater detail herein, at least one colorspace optimization technique executed and/or performed by programmable logic array 145 and/or utilized by apparatus 120 can be ed can include processing the representative dataset into a histogram representative of the changed environment, object, or entity, identify a most prevalent plurality of colors associated with the changing environment based on the histogram, and determine a related plurality of colors based on the histogram, where the related plurality of colors include at least one of i) an absent color in relation to the change object, entity, or environment and ii) at least one least prevalent color associated with the changed object, entity, or environment. Thereafter, the logic 160 (or any other suitable component) may cause the processing circuity 140 to instruct the display 198 to display an altered version of the displayed image based on the related plurality of colors, e.g., an altered matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker reflects one or more colors that are the related plurality of colors.

In various embodiments, as outlined herein, a tristimulus system and/or an RGB colorspace may be used in whole or in part to determine the optimal colorspace associated with the changing colors of the environment, entity, or object associated with the displayed image to be detected or scanned. In various embodiments, the changing environment may be mapped according to an RGB colorspace, initially, and then one or more colorspace conversions may occur concerning the mapped RGB colorspace, including a conversion to another colorspace, e.g., an XYZ colorspace and/or an XYZ colorspace containing a luminance channel.

In various embodiments the programmable logic array 145 is further operative (based on the histogram and received dataset associated with the changing environment, entirety, or object) to determine at least one set of color coordinates for each one of the most prevalent colors according to the another colorspace and determining at least one set of color coordinates corresponding to the related colors according to the another colorspace, where in various embodiments, the at least one set of coordinates of the most prevalent plurality of colors being perpendicular or orthogonal, with respect to the another colorspace (e.g. XYZ), to the at least one set of coordinates of the related plurality of colors. In various embodiments, the filtering of the luminance channel, e.g., if the another colorspace is an XYZ colorspace with a luminance channel, is done to obtain all of the color-coordinates associated with the conversion.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 is further operative to determine a range of additional colors (based on the histogram and/or a received dataset associated with the changed environment, entirety, or object), including one or more colors in between the related plurality of colors and the most prevalent colors associated with the altered entity, object, and/or environment, and at the instruction of any suitable component herein, including the logic 160 causing the processing circuity to perform the colorspace operation 181 and instruct display 198 to alter the displayed colored matrix code based on the determined optimal colorspace. In various embodiments, the instruction to the display device can be such to display the altered matrix based on both the related plurality of colors and the additional plurality of colors (e.g. provided by programmable logic array 145) where the matrix is an (alterable) fiducial marker

FIG. 2A illustrates an embodiment of a clustering process 200A for the system 100. The clustering process 200A operates on image datasets (e.g., the image datasets 170 of FIG. 1) storing color data for images, and where in various embodiments, the clustering process can be carried out by programmable logic array 145.

In some embodiments of the clustering process 200A, color data 202 of an image undergoes a patching operation where the image is processed into a plurality of patches 204 of patched image data 206. Each patch 204 of the patched image data 206 includes color data in accordance with a colorspace model, such as pixel data having RGB tuples. The clustering process 200A further processes the patched image data 206, via a transformation operation 208, by applying a colorspace transform mechanism on the color data of the patched image 206 to transform patched image data into transformed image data of a transformed image 210. The color data of the patched image 206 is configured in accordance with the colorspace model and new color data for the transformed image 210 is generated according to another colorspace model.

In some embodiments, the clustering process 200A performs a mini-colorspace transform for at least one patch of the patched image data 206, possibly leaving one or more patches without a transformation. Via the transformation operation 208, the mini-colorspace transform modifies the color data in the at least one patch to transform data into transformed image data of a transformed image 210. The clustering process 200A may perform stitching between patches to make the patched image 206 uniform as opposed to creating artificial edges.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example of a colorspace conversion scheme 200B in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, where the scheme and any computations associated therewith can be computed, determined, or carried out by a programmable logic array, e.g. programmable logic array 145, and used in at least one operations where a colorspace is useful by a processing device distinct from the programmable logic array 145, e.g. processing circuit 140. Various examples with respect to FIG. 2B discussed augmented reality, virtual reality, and matrix barcodes, but these are non-limiting examples, and any application where a colorspace is useful use the techniques in association therewith.

A histogram 218 representation of a particular object, entity, or environment 215 is provided (where the numbers 100, 90, 80, and 70 are intended to represent a simplified version of colors distribution values of one or more colors representing the particular object, entity, or environment 215). The histogram 218 can be generated by having one or more components of system 100 performing a scan of the particular object, entity, or environment 215 and generating a histogram 218 of the most prevalent colors, least prevalent colors, or absent colors of the object, entity, or environment 215. In various embodiments, the object, entity or environment 215 may be based on a changing environment, e.g., a change in the color profile is detected by a suitable component, such as a scanner, camera, and/or video, and an associated dataset is constructed based on a dataset (images or videos) of the scanned environment. In one or more embodiments, the histogram 218 can be of four or more colors of the most prevalent colors of the object, entity, or environment. Since various embodiments of the present disclosure expressly contemplate using colors imperceptible to the human eye, there is no limitation on the number of colors that can be used with respect to the histogram 218, the colorspace conversions discussed herein, or any images generated from the colorspace conversions, including but not limited to colors used for a virtual object in a changed or static virtual environment, a real object in a changed or static real environment, including a tag or object with a matrix, matrix barcode, fiducial marker, etc. can have in excess of four colors and four color-channels, where the four colors and/or four color-channels are distinct and different with respect to one another.

In various embodiments, one or more components of system 100 can determine the most prevalent colors associated with the object, entity, or environment 215, and the resulting histogram 218 may be based on that determination. The histogram 218 can be used to map the most prevalent colors to a distribution 222 associated with a suitable colorspace 224, including but not limited to an RGB colorspace 224. In various embodiments, the colors of histogram 218 are mapped pursuant to the tristimulus values of the RGB colorspace, e.g., “R,” “G,” and “B.” Any suitable mathematical conversion, e.g., linear-algebraic, etc. can be used to map the conversion to the RGB colorspace, e.g., convert the mapped RGB colorspace to another colorspace.

In various embodiments, once the distribution 222 is mapped according to the RGB colorspace 224, one or more components of system 100 can convert the RGB distribution 222 to a new colorspace 226 with a distribution 228 pursuant to the new colorspace 226. Any suitable colorspace conversion can be used, including converting to an XYZ colorspace, where the conversion can be pursuant to any suitable mathematical conversions and equations that govern the XYZ colorspace, including suitable tristimulus conversions between RGB and XYZ. In various embodiments, “Y” represents a luminance value of the XYZ space and at least one of “X” and “Z” (or both) represent a chrominance value of the colorspace and an associated distribution, e.g. 226 plotted pursuant to the XYZ colorspace.

In various embodiments, the luminance channel “Y” is filtered out resulting in colorspace 228′ and distribution 226′, which can assist in making determinations solely on actual chromatic values associated with the entity, object, or environment 215, without considering luminance (this is helpful at least because colors can be used that are imperceptible to the human eye). In various embodiments, four (or more) lines can be defined by points (a1, b1), (a2, b2), (a3, b3), and (a4, b4), and are selected to have a maximum distance apart with respect to distribution 226′. In various embodiments, the points a1, a2, a3, and a4 are selected to correspond to the most prevalent colors associated with entity, object, or environment 215 and b1, b2, b3, and b4 by extension, being opposite to those colors, may represent the least prevalent or absent colors in association with an entity, object, or environment b1, b2, b3, b4. These lines may define vectors for a new colorspace conversion in an XYZ or other suitable colorspace 245 and may form the basis for new XYZ tristimulus values. An image, such as a representation of a virtual object in a changed or static virtual environment, a real object in a changed or static real environment, including a tag or object with a matrix or matrix barcode, can be made using colors associated with the new colorspace 250 and a distribution 245 of colors defined by color-channel vectors (i,−i), (j, −j), (k, −k), an additional color-channel and all other color-channels (omitted from display due to the limitations of three-dimensional space) associated therewith. In various embodiments, since the colors may correspond to less prevalent or absent colors in relation to where a potential scan may occur (or what is being scanned), e.g., a representation of a virtual object in a changed or static virtual environment, a real object in a changed or static real environment, including a tag or object with a matrix barcode on an entity or object and/or in an environment with colors that have a maximum difference in relation thereto, edge detection is enhanced.

Alternatively, although not expressly shown, the maximum distance from the most prevalent colors to least prevalent colors can be determined, e.g., a1 to b1, a2 to b2, etc., and then lines can be drawn from b1, b2, b3, and b4 in a direction tangential, parallel or opposite a vector or direction associated with a1, a2, a3, and a4. The color-channel vectors (i,−i), (j, −j), (k, −k), an additional color-channel and all other color-channels (omitted from display due to the limitations of three-dimensional space) associated with colorspace 250 may be entirely colors absent and/or mildly prevalent in relation to entity, object, or environment 215, which can further enhance edge detection.

In various embodiments, when performing the colorspace conversion between 228′ and 250, in addition to carrying out the algebraic or other suitable conversions associated with the XYZ colorspace (or subsequent colorspaces as may be necessary, e.g. LAB), the color-channel vectors, e.g. (i,−i), (j, −j), (k, −k), may be orthogonal to one another by performing any suitable mathematical and/or orientation operation on the vectors and/or by selecting suitable points on colorspace 228′ and distribution 226′ when making the conversion. In various embodiments, a second maximum difference between one or more points can be taken in space 250, in addition to an orientation operation to center the distribution 245 along the axis of the newly defined color-channel vectors, e.g. (i,−i), (j, −j), (k, −k), such that the color-channel vectors are orthogonal and have a maximum distance in relation to one another. In various embodiments, performing at least one of the orthogonality operation, maximum determination, and/or orienting operation can further enhance edge detection of an image generated for scanning, such as a matrix barcode, in relation to an entity, object, or environment 215 to be scanned.

In various embodiments, the various color-channels described above, including each vector, e.g. (−i, i), defines a first color that is a minimum in the color channel and the second color becomes the maximum. This boundary may be at least one pixel where the color changed from the first to the second color or vice versa. If the first color is set to zero (0) and the second color is set to two hundred and fifty-five (255), then, mathematically, this boundary may be located at pixel(s) that jumped between the minimum and maximum value; for example, there may be sharp division (i.e., thin boundary) in which at least two neighboring pixels transition immediately between 0 and 255. In various embodiments, the boundary is such it may be a transition between these colors where, as discussed above, one or more color-channel ranges are selected such that a maximum color value of one or more color channel corresponds to a unique color value, most prevalent color value, and/or highest color value of a target object, entity, and/or environment associated with a scan and the minimum color value of the color-channel corresponds to a most unique color, most prevalent color value and/or highest color value of the scannable or detectable image, e.g. a representation of a virtual object in a changed or static virtual environment, a real object in a changed or static real environment, including a tag or object with a matrix, matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker, where additionally, the most prevalent value and/or highest color value of the scannable image is also a least prevalent (lowest color value) and/or absent from the target object, entity, and/or environment associated with the scan, or visa-versa (e.g. with respect to the maximum or minimum values).

The length of the color-channel can be adjusted accordingly based on the capabilities of the scanning and image-acquiring abilities of the various components, e.g. camera or video device 195, scanning device 197, and/or recognition component 422-4 (discussed below with respect to FIG. 4), where the length increases the number of different colors between the minimum and maximum point of the color channel.

In various embodiments, one or more additional colorspace conversions can be performed at any point after a first optimization (e.g., maximum/minimum determination has been made) with the conversion corresponding to the XYZ coordinates, including converting to a LAB colorspace using any suitable mathematical conversion for converting XYZ coordinates to LAB coordinates. In various embodiments, since optimization is associated with the XYZ coordinates and space (e.g., based on the colorspace conversion), the optimization translates to the LAB coordinates and space. In various embodiments, the additional conversion can occur before or after the filtration of the luminance channel (as discussed herein).

In various embodiments, the conversions between the RGB colorspace to the XYZ colorspace and/or a first converted-to (derivative)XYZ space to another XYZ colorspace can be governed by the tristimulus equations (Equation 1) that define the converted colorspace and a distribution of colorspace, where the value of x+y=z can be normalized to 1.

x=X/(X+Y+Z),

y=Y/(X+Y+Z),

z=Z/(X+Y+Z).   Equation 1

In various embodiments, the value of “X,” “Y,” and “Z,” is dependent on the input colors from the RGB colorspace (or in the case of a second conversion, from the converting colorspace). Although the tristimulus values are three be definition, as noted above, the conversion can involve more than three color-channels, including color-channels that define colors imperceptible to the human eye. In various embodiments, the conversion governed by Equation. 1 can form a key for a scanning device to scan an image defined by the conversion, such a representation of a virtual object in a changed or static virtual environment, a real object in a changed or static real environment, including a tag or object with a as a matrix, e.g., matrix barcode or fiducial marker. In various embodiments, this means that in addition to providing a vehicle for increasing the numbers of color-channels and colors for an image to be scanned, which means increasing bits of information that can be encoded therein, another benefit of various embodiments is offering a manner to securely encode information, e.g. without knowing the equation or equations of what colorspace govern and without knowing the input values (which are based on the first colorspace associated with the entity, object, or environment 215), a successful scan cannot occur. Accordingly, in various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 can (or any other suitable component or application, including an application programmed to carried out the operations of 100) provide a scanning device 197 with a key governed by Equation 1 in order to scan an image that is encoded pursuant to one or more colorspace conversions associated with Equation 1.

Although not expressly shown, if a conversion from the converted-to (e.g., derivative) XYZ colorspace to another colorspace, e.g., LAB, is required, then any suitable algebraic or other mathematical equation from the conversion to XYZ to the other colorspace, e.g., LAB, can be used, and the second equation can also form a part of the key for scanning the scannable image associated therewith.

In various embodiments, the programmable logic array 145 can provide a scheme for adding either one or both of an ultraviolet layer and/or an infrared layer to an image, such as a matrix, e.g. matrix barcode or fiducial marker, where the image contains more than one non-black or non-white colors governed by any suitable colorspace. In various embodiments, the scheme may include both an ultraviolet layer and an infrared layer, where the ultraviolet layer may form the first layer of an image in order to take advantage of its properties. In various embodiments, the non-black and non-white colors of the scannable image may be determined by one or more colorspace conversion techniques as outlined herein. In various embodiments, non-black and non-white colors means colors that are not black or white. In various embodiments, non-black and non-white colors means colors that are not black, white or based on a greyscale distribution.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a distributed system 300. The distributed system 300 may distribute portions of the structure and/or operations for the system 100 across multiple computing entities. Examples of distributed system 300 may include without limitation a client-server architecture, a 3-tier architecture, an N-tier architecture, a tightly-coupled or clustered architecture, a peer-to-peer architecture, a master-slave architecture, a shared database architecture, and other types of distributed systems. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

The distributed system 300 may comprise a client device 310 and a server device 320. In general, the client device 310 and/or the server device 320 may be the same or similar to the apparatus 120 as described with reference to FIG. 1. For instance, the client device 310 and the server device 320 may each comprise one or more operations components 330, which is the same or similar to the processing circuit 140 as described with reference to FIG. 1 and/or is a component that has both a distinct programmable logic array component, such as component 145, and a separate processing circuit for performing additional functionalities, such as the processing component 140 and/or any additional components as described with respect to apparatus 120 of FIG. 1. In another example, the devices 310, 320 may communicate over a communications media 312 using communications signals 314 via a communications component 340.

The server device 320 may communicate with other devices over the communications media 312, using communications signals 314, via the communications component 340. The other devices may be internal or external to the device 320 as desired for a given implementation.

The client device 310 may comprise or employ one or more client programs that operate to perform various methodologies in accordance with the described embodiments. In one embodiment, for example, the client device 310 may implement the system 100 including the logic 160 of FIG. 1, wherein various embodiments, the client device 310 can implement one or more operations to utilize a colorspace conversion generated by a programmable logic component, such as an FPGA, that is distinct from a processor component, and in response to detecting a colorspace change of a target (e.g. environment). The colorspace conversion can be used in any suitable operation where a colorspace conversion can be useful, including but not limited to creating a colorspace that is optimized for detection with respect to an environment that is changing, including a virtual object in a virtual environment associated with augmented reality, to form or detect an image based on one or more colorspace conversions, e.g. a matrix barcode that can be dynamically updated based on environmental changes, and/or any other operation where a colorspace conversion can be useful as outlined herein and/or as otherwise suitable.

The server device 320 may comprise or employ one or more server programs that operate to perform various methodologies in accordance with the described embodiments. As with respect to the client device 310, the server 320 can perform any suitable colorspace conversion for any suitable purpose utilizing the scheme where a programmable logic, distinct from a processor component, performs the colorspace conversion and the processor component utilizes the colorspace conversion. In various embodiments, for example, the server device 320 may implement the clustering process 200A of FIG. 2A and generate image group model data 350 and/or generate image group model data 350 by performing one or more of the colorspace conversion operations of scheme 200B, where the colorspace conversion are performed by the programmable logic and utilized separately by a distinct processor circuit. the image group model data 350 can include a printing scheme or color distribution for an image to be scanned in an entity, object, or environment 215, such as a matrix, e.g., matrix barcode or fiducial marker. In various embodiments, the arrangement with respect to the client device 310 and the server device 320 can be switched, e.g. the image group model data 350 and associated colorspace conversion with respect thereto can be performed at the client device 310.

The devices 310,3 20 may comprise any electronic device capable of receiving, processing, and sending information for the system 100. Examples of an electronic device may include without limitation an ultra-mobile device, a mobile device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile computing device, a smart phone, a telephone, a digital telephone, a cellular telephone, ebook readers, a handset, a one-way pager, a two-way pager, a messaging device, a computer, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a netbook computer, a handheld computer, a tablet computer, a server, a server array or server farm, a web server, a network server, an Internet server, a work station, a mini-computer, a main frame computer, a supercomputer, a network appliance, a web appliance, a distributed computing system, multiprocessor systems, processor-based systems, consumer electronics, programmable consumer electronics, game devices, television, digital television, set top box, wireless access point, base station, subscriber station, mobile subscriber center, radio network controller, router, hub, gateway, bridge, switch, machine, or combination thereof. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

The devices 310, 320 may execute instructions, processing operations, or logic for the system 100 using the processing component 330. The processing component 330 may comprise various hardware elements, software elements, or a combination of both. Examples of hardware elements may include devices, logic devices, components, processors, microprocessors, circuits, processing circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), Application-specific Standard Products (ASSPs), System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), memory units, logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth. Examples of software elements may include software components, programs, applications, computer programs, application programs, system programs, software development programs, machine programs, operating system software, middleware, firmware, software modules, routines, subroutines, functions, methods, procedures, software interfaces, application program interfaces (API), instruction sets, computing code, computer code, code segments, computer code segments, words, values, symbols, or any combination thereof. Determining whether an embodiment is implemented using hardware elements and/or software elements may vary in accordance with any number of factors, such as desired computational rate, power levels, heat tolerances, processing cycle budget, input data rates, output data rates, memory resources, data bus speeds and other design or performance constraints, as desired for a given implementation.

The devices 310, 320 may execute communications operations or logic for the system 100 using communications component 340. The communications component 340 may implement any well-known communications techniques and protocols, such as techniques suitable for use with packet-switched networks (e.g., public networks such as the Internet, private networks such as an enterprise intranet, and so forth), circuit-switched networks (e.g., the public switched telephone network), or a combination of packet-switched networks and circuit-switched networks (with suitable gateways and translators). The communications component 340 may include various types of standard communication elements, such as one or more communications interfaces, network interfaces, network interface cards (NIC), radios, wireless transmitters/receivers (transceivers), wired and/or wireless communication media, physical connectors, and so forth. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media 312 include wired communications media and wireless communications media. Examples of wired communications media may include a wire, cable, metal leads, printed circuit boards (PCB), backplanes, switch fabrics, semiconductor material, twisted-pair wire, co-axial cable, fiber optics, a propagated signal, and so forth. Examples of wireless communications media may include acoustic, radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, infrared and other wireless media.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of an operational environment 400 for the system 100. As shown in FIG. 4, the operating environment 400 includes an application 420, such as an enterprise software application, for processing input 410 and generating output 430.

The application 420 comprises one or more components 422-a where a represents any integer number. In one embodiment, the application 420 may comprise an interface component 422-1, a clustering component 422-2, a transform mechanism library 422-3, and a recognition component 422-4. The interface component 422-1 may be generally arranged to manage a user interface for the application 420, for example, by generating graphical data for presentation as a Graphical User Interface (GUI). The interface component 422-1 may generate the GUI to depict various elements, such as dialog boxes, HTML forms having rich text, and/or the like.

The clustering component 422-2 may be generally arranged to organize images into image groups or clusters. Some embodiments of the clustering component 422-2 execute the clustering process 200A of FIG. 2A in various embodiments, the clustering component 422-2 identifies, for each image group, a particular colorspace transform having a higher likelihood than a current colorspace transform of success in edge detection for that group as outlined herein or otherwise suitable. In various embodiments, the clustering component 422-2 may perform the above-mentioned clustering process for a variety of edge detection techniques, resulting in sets of image groups where each set of image groups corresponds to a particular technique. Edge detection techniques vary in how boundaries are identified in an image; some techniques detect differences in color, whereas other techniques measure another attribute. Some techniques differ with respect to how color differences are even measured. It is possible for one technique to alter certain steps and create multiple techniques.

The colorspace transform library 422-3 includes a plurality of colorspace transform mechanisms and transformations carried out by a programmable logic array (not shown) and stored therein and/or the colorspace transform library communicates with the programmable logic array, in coordination with the recognition component 422-4 (discussed below), where the programmable logic array (not shown) may be generally configured to provide a colorspace transform mechanism for application on an image, transforming that image into a transformed image in accordance with a different colorspace model than the image's original colorspace model, and where the result can be stored for use in the transform library 422-3. As described herein, the colorspace model refers to a technique for modeling an image's color data, such as in RGB or in LAB, or RGB to XYZ, or RGB to XYZ to another XYZ. In general, and as outlined in one or more embodiments herein, the colorspace transform mechanism performs mathematical operations to map a data point within the image's original/current colorspace model into a corresponding datapoint in accordance with the different colorspace model. The transformation may involve converting the datapoint's value(s)—which are in one domain—into corresponding value(s) for the corresponding datapoint. As an example, the colorspace transform may convert an RGB pixel having a tuple of RGB values into a LAB pixel having a tuple of LAB values, an RGB pixel having a tuple of RGB values into an XYZ pixel having a tuple of XYZ values, and/or an RGB pixel having a tuple of RGB values into an XYZ pixel having a tuple of XYZ values and again into another XYZ pixel having a tuple of other XYZ values. The pixels associated with the final conversion can define a color distribution for a scannable image, such as a matrix or matrix barcode that is used for a scan in association with an entity, object, or environment.

The recognition component 422-4, such as a suitable scanner, printer and/or camera or application for the same, may be generally arranged to execute an edge detection technique as part of a recognition operation on the transformed image. One example of a well-known recognition operation is Optical Character Recognition (OCR). The application 420 invokes the recognition component 422-4 to perform various tasks including scanning a matrix, e.g., matrix barcode or fiducial marker, for verifying an authenticity of an item and/or to obtain encoded information associated with the barcode. The recognition component 422-4 can be configured to contain a key, e.g. a mathematical equation or equations with specified inputs defining a colorspace conversion, such that it scans relevant colors reflected by the barcode, where the colors are based on one or more colorspace transformation techniques as outlined herein, where the key defines a final transformation that defines color-channels and a colorspace associated with colors of the scannable image, and where color-channels defined by the key each represent at least one bit of encoded data.

In various embodiments, the recognition component 422-4 can print or provide a schema for printing an image, e.g., barcode and/or fiducial marker, that contains one or more non-black and non-white colors and one or both of an ultraviolet layer and an infrared layer. The color-channels associated with each non-black and non-white color each can constitute at least one bit of data, and each one of the infrared and ultraviolet layers can each constitute one bit of data. In various embodiments, each one of the non-black and non-white colors are generated by a colorspace transformation mechanism or technique and are scannable by a key associated with the transformation mechanism. In various embodiments, the number of color-channels can be adjusted to be greater than or equal to four color-channels, as the recognition component 422-4 can be adjusted to scan any number of colors, including colors not perceptible to the human eye.

In various embodiments, the non-black and non-white color-channel can be used in conjunction with one or both of the infrared or ultraviolet layers on a scannable image, such as a matrix, matrix barcode and/or fiducial marker, where each of one of the color-channels, ultraviolet layer(s), and/or infrared layer(s) represent a bit of data and a different manner of encoding data into the image, and as such, six or more bits of data can be encoded into the image. In various embodiments, the ultraviolet layer may be printed or displayed first in relation to the infrared layers and the various layers associated with non-black and non-white color-channels to take advantage of the ultraviolet layer's properties.

In various embodiments, the image containing all or one of the layers associated with the non-black and non-white color-channel layers, the ultraviolet layers, and the infrared layers can be scanned by the recognition component 422-4 for a verification component, where the recognition component 422-4 may contain or receive a key that is based on an equation related to a colorspace conversion, e.g. Equation 1, where the colorspace conversion reveals the relevant color-channels with associated colors containing the information, in addition to one or more verification bits indicating whether the presence or absence of an ultraviolet and/or infrared layer is indicative of encoded information. Accordingly, the key and/or verification bit provides a manner of decoding information.

In various embodiments, application 420 is configured to contain the key and/or verification bit and provide an output 430 once the scan of the image, e.g., barcode, is verified locally. In various embodiments, the recognition component 422-4 can require an additional verification step of contacting a host system that contains one or more of the functionalities of system 100, to confirm, e.g., by one or more comparison steps, that the key and/or verification bit used by the recognition component 422-4 is accurate. If the key is accurate, and the scan is confirmed by the recognition component 422-4, then the output 430 of application 420 is one or more access, transfer, or receipt of information, including currency, personal, and/or financial information, to another entity.

In various embodiments, scanning the image, e.g., matrix, a matrix barcode, and/or fiducial marker can be done to protect a user from financial misappropriation. The recognition component 422-4 may perform the text or image recognition operation to determine whether the image, e.g., barcode, is valid, and relates the validity of the scan to a verification or access of information that includes any sensitive information, such as a password or social security number (SSN), according to some embodiments. The application 420 may invoke the recognition component 422-4 to scan an image, e.g. a barcode, prior to publishing social network content such that a potential failure to properly scan the image, e.g. the component scanning the image does not have a key that properly decodes it pursuant to the key related to the colorspace information and/or the bit indicating that an ultraviolet and/or infrared layer contains information, identification of sensitive information in that content prevents said publishing. In various other embodiments, the scanning of the image, e.g., barcode, can provide initiation of a financial transaction, e.g., transfer of any suitable electronic funds.

Included herein is a set of flow charts representative of exemplary methodologies for performing novel aspects of the disclosed architecture. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the one or more methodologies shown herein, for example, in the form of a flow chart or flow diagram, are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance therewith, occur in a different order and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art may understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all acts illustrated in a methodology may be required for a novel implementation.

FIG. 5A illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500A. The logic flow 500A may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, the logic flow 500A receives a representative dataset of a target, such as an entity, object, or environment 502. For example, the logic flow 500 may receive a representative dataset containing at least one of i) one or more images of a target and ii) one or more videos of the target, the target including at least one of i) an environment, ii) a live entity and iii) an object using any suitable camera or scanning device, where the representative dataset is contained in image group model data 350 or obtained directly by scanning the target using any suitable device, e.g., camera or video device 195 and/or scanning device 197. In various embodiments, the target may be an environment that contains a scannable image therein.

The logic flow 500A may process the representative dataset into a suitable representation of a color scheme, such as a histogram 504. For example, the logic flow 500 may examine image group model data 350, which contains captured data of a scanned environment. Once the logic flow 500 identifies the scanned data of the environment, the logic flow can process that data into a histogram of a particular colorspace, e.g., an RGB colorspace.

The logic flow 500A may identify the most prevalent colors of the environment utilizing the histogram 506. In various embodiments, the logic flow identifies the most prevalent colors in order to apply a colorspace transform mechanism for substantially maximizing edge detection for a scannable image, such as a matrix, matrix barcode, fiducial marker, etc.

The logic flow 500A may determine a related number of colors based on the histogram 508, e.g., the histogram is used to map to a first colorspace, where least prevalent and/or absent colors in relation to the most prevalent colors of the target are determined, and the least prevalent and/or absent colors form the basis for one or more color-channels in a second colorspace.

In various embodiments, the related plurality of colors can represent a range of colors between the most prevalent colors and the least prevalent colors and/or absent colors of the target, including sole colors that are absent in relation to the target and/or colors that are the least prevalent in association with the target. In various embodiments, in order to determine the related number of colors based, the logic flow may select and apply a colorspace transform mechanism to the image data associated with the histogram. As described herein, the image data includes color data configured in accordance with a colorspace model, e.g., the histogram can be used to create a colorspace representation of the target data. In some embodiments, the logic flow 500 applies the colorspace transform mechanism 180 of FIG. 1 by converting the image data into transformed image data comprising color data in accordance with another colorspace model that differs from the colorspace associated with the histogram. For example, the logic flow may create a histogram of the image data associated with the target, then use the histogram to create a first colorspace representation of the target, e.g., an RGB colorspace representation. Thereafter, as discussed below, the logic flow can perform one or more additional colorspace transformation techniques into other colorspaces, such as XYZ colorspaces or any other suitable colorspace that utilizes a tristimulus system.

In various embodiments, the logic flow 500A may perform a colorspace transform manipulating the color data of the original image data to enable efficient edge detection on the transformed image data. As explained below, the logic flow 500A may change the colorspace model to quickly identify boundaries, such as when two colors are close in proximity. The logic flow 500A examines each datapoint in the image, and for each location, the logic flow 500A identifies a color. In various embodiments, the colorspace conversion can be based on at least one set of color coordinates for each one of the most prevalent colors according to the another (or second) colorspace and determining at least one set of color coordinates corresponding to the related plurality of colors in the (second) another colorspace, where the at least one set of coordinates of the most prevalent plurality of colors being either one or both of perpendicular/orthogonal and a maximal distance away, with respect to another colorspace, to the at least one set of coordinates of the related colors. In various embodiments, the second colorspace can be considered a derivative colorspace of the first color space.

In various embodiments, this ensures that the colors used for a scannable image may maximize edge detection, as the maximal distance away between prevalent color-channels and colors of the target in the environment and other color-channels and colors (the related color-channels and colors) ensures that the related color-channels and colors are either absent in the target and/or least prevalent in the target. Additionally, if the related colors and color-channels are selected to be perpendicular or orthogonal in relation to the target color-channels and colors (and with respect to one another), this may further enhance edge detection.

In one example utilizing the one or more techniques outlined above, the logic flow 500A proceeds to identify two or more colors by prevalence in the target and configures them into one channel. Take, for instance, a first color and second color of first and second highest prevalence, respectively, where the first color becomes a minimum in the color channel and the second color becomes the maximum such that the boundary may be a transition between these colors. This boundary may be at least one pixel where the color changed from the first to the second color or vice versa. If the first color is set to zero (0) and the second color is set to two hundred and fifty-five (255), then, mathematically, this boundary may be located at pixel(s) that jumped between the minimum and maximum value; for example, there may be sharp division (i.e., thin boundary) in which at least two neighboring pixels transition immediately between 0 and 255.

As alluded to above, these color-channels can correspond to a first colorspace, e.g., RGB, where the first colorspace can be based on the first set of tristimulus values, and where the first-colorspace may have a color coordinates for representing colors of the target, e.g., the most prevalent colors of the target. The logic flow 500A may then identify one or more colors that are either unused or barely used (i.e., least prevalent or absent) and establish those colors in another channel to be opposite of the above-identified prevalent colors, where the new color-channel (or color-channels) forms the basis for a new colorspace, e.g., a new set of tristimulus values of an XYZ colorspace, and where the first colorspace is converted to the second colorspace.

Then, the logic flow 500A may perform one or more additional operations, e.g. configuring each color-channel of the new colorspace to be perpendicular or orthogonal to one another in the new colorspace model, make an additional conversion to a third colorspace, including an intermediary operation that filters out non-chromacity related features such as luminance or brightness channel, and/or perform an orientation operation in the second (or third) colorspace prior to making the color-channels perpendicular or orthogonal to each other (in order to maximize the distance between color-channels and thus enhancing edge detection).

The logic flow 500A may utilize the related colors of block 508 to create one or more scannable images 510, such as a matrix, matrix barcode, fiducial marker, or any other suitable image for scanning. In various embodiments, the related colors may be colors of each color-channel associated with the final colorspace conversion as discussed above, e.g. a plurality of color-channels and associated colors, as may be represented in an XYZ colorspace, that are either not prevalent in the target and/or are completely absent in the target, where, in various embodiments, the least prevalent and/or absent colors can be arranged orthogonally to each other to further enhance edge detection. In various embodiments, the scannable image may be a matrix barcode that is formed to reflect colors of each of the least prevalent and/or absent and/or orthogonal color-channels in relation to a target, e.g., environment containing the matrix barcode.

In various embodiments, the matrix barcode is embedded with information that is based on the colorspace conversions, e.g., each pixel or pixels associated with the matrix bar code is associated with a color-channel of the final colorspace, e.g. the XYZ colorspace with color-channels representing the least prevalent or absent colors of the environment, where each color-channel represents a bit of data, and where the number of color-channels can be three or more, four or more, etc. (as there are no limitations imposed by human perceptibility), and by extension the number of encoded bits can be three or more, four or more, etc.

In various embodiments, where four or more colors are used, each one of the four or more colors are distinct colors in relation to one another, and based on the colorspace techniques discussed herein and above, the four or more colors are derived from a plurality of coordinates corresponding to each one of the at least four distinct colors along a converted-to(derivative) colorspace, where the converted-to (derivative) colorspace contains a plurality of coordinates sets representing the at least four prevalent colors of the target, e.g., environment, and each of the four or more colors corresponds to a distinct coordinate set of the converted-to (derivative) colorspace.

In various embodiments, each of the four or more distinct colors are selected based on having a maximal opposite coordinate relationship with respect to at least one of the plurality of coordinate sets representing at least four prevalent colors in the target, e.g., environment.

There are a number of applicable edge detection techniques, and the edge detection technique 190 may be appropriate for the one colorspace model of the transformed image data while another edge detection technique may be appropriate for the original colorspace model. The embodiments are not limited to this example.

FIG. 5B illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500B. The logic flow 500B may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 5B, the logic flow may detect a matrix that includes one or more non-black and non-white colors, where each of the non-black and non-white colors is i) at least one of an absent color in relation to an environment and/or ii) at least one least prevalent color associated with the environment 515. In various embodiments, the matrix is a barcode constructed with one or more colorspace conversion techniques as outlined herein, e.g., the matrix barcode is derived from an RGB colorspace and a derivative colorspace of the RGB colorspace (a converted-to (derivative)colorspace from the RGB colorspace, such as an XYZ colorspace). In various embodiments, the derivative colorspace is an XYZ colorspace with a filtered luminance channel.

In various embodiments, the barcode can be scanned with any suitable component, e.g., a scanning device 197, that has a suitable key, e.g., tristimulus equations associated with a conversion to an XYZ colorspace, that reveals the color-channels with associated colors that are associated with the scannable portions of the matrix barcode, including, in various embodiments, information encoded in the matrix barcode. In various embodiments, the barcode can include four or more distinct colors each associated with at least four distinct color-channels, where each of the colors is different from one another and different from the most prevalent colors of the environment. In various embodiments, the colors and color-channels of the barcode can be computed according to coordinate relationships between the most prevalent colors and the least prevalent and/or absent colors in the derivative colorspace, including a maximal distance between the most prevalent colors and the least prevalent and/or absent colors. Additional or different colorspace conversion techniques can be used as discussed herein, and this is merely one example consistent with the present disclosure.

In various embodiments, the barcode can be printed and/or embedded on a physical medium, e.g., a physical surface or material, using any suitable component, e.g., printing device 199, with the least prevalent and/or absent colors, and the barcode can be scanned along the surface of the physical surface. In other embodiments, any suitable computer device, including a computer, laptop, or tablet (as shown in FIG. 7A provided for below) can be configured to generate a scannable barcode that reflects the least prevalent or absent colors, where the barcode can be scanned along a surface of the computer display.

The logic flow 500B may transmit the result of the scan to any suitable computer device 520 as discussed herein, including an indication as to whether or not the scan was of the barcode was successful, and any encoded information associated therewith was obtained.

FIG. 5C illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500C. The logic flow may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 5C, the logic flow 500C carries out one or more of the operations of flow 500C, wherein one embodiment it carries out the operations of 502, 504, 506, and 508.

The logic flow 500C may utilize the related colors to produce a scannable image 530, such as a matrix, matrix barcode, fiducial marker, or any other suitable image for scanning, where the scannable image can, in addition to including non-black and non-white colors (such as the least prevalent and/or absent colors associated with a target, e.g., an environment), can include one or both of an ultraviolet layer and an infrared layer. In various embodiments, the matrix, matrix barcode, fiducial marker, or any other suitable image can be printed and/or embedded on a physical surface using any suitable component, e.g., printing device 199, with the least prevalent and/or absent colors and an infrared and/or ultraviolet layer, and the barcode can be scanned along the surface of the physical surface. In other embodiments, any suitable computer device, including a computer, laptop, or tablet (as shown in FIG. 7A provided for below) can be configured to generate a scannable barcode that reflects the least prevalent or absent colors, the ultraviolet layer and/or the infrared layer, where the matrix, matrix barcode, fiducial marker, or any other suitable image can be scanned along a surface of the computer display.

In various embodiments, the ultraviolet layer may be printed first along the physical surface and/or may form the top layer generated on a computer screen in order to maximize the benefits associated with ultraviolet light. In various embodiments, the colors of the scannable image need not be colors that have a relationship with the environment and/or not based on colorspace conversion techniques and can be any colors, including standard black and white colors, with a scannable image containing both an infrared and ultraviolet layer for detection.

FIG. 5D illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500D. The logic flow 500D may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein.

In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 5D, the logic flow may detect a scannable image, e.g., a matrix, that includes one or more non-black and non-white colors, where each of the non-black and non-white colors are at least one of an i) an absent color in relation to an environment and/or ii) a least prevalent color associated with the environment, in addition to one or both of an ultraviolet layer and/or an infrared layer 540. In various embodiments, the matrix is a barcode constructed with one or more colorspace conversion techniques as outlined herein, e.g., as discussed with respect to FIG. 5B, with the addition of an ultraviolet layer and/or infrared layer.

In various embodiments, the scannable image, e.g. barcode, can be scanned with any suitable component, e.g. a scanning device 197, that has a suitable key, e.g. tristimulus equations associated with a conversion to an XYZ colorspace, that reveals the color-channels with associated colors that are associated with the scannable portions of the matrix barcode, including, in various embodiments, information encoded in the matrix barcode. In addition to the key, any suitable component, e.g., scanning device 197, can also have a verification bit indicating whether the ultraviolet layer and/or infrared layer is associated with information, and if so, performs the scan and/or decodes the information based on the verification bit. In various embodiments, the barcode can include four or more distinct colors each associated with at least four distinct color-channels, where each of the colors are different from one another and different to the most prevalent colors of the environment, in addition to also having one or both the ultraviolet layer and/or the infrared layer, and as such, the scan can be a scan of six or more bits of information.

In various embodiments, the barcode can be printed and/or embedded on a physical surface using any suitable component, e.g., printing device 199, with the least prevalent and/or absent colors, and the barcode can be scanned along the surface of the physical surface. In other embodiments, any suitable computing device, including a computer, labtop, or tablet (as shown in FIG. 7A provided for below) can be configured to generate a scannable barcode that reflects the least prevalent or absent colors, where the barcode can be scanned along a surface of the computer display. In various embodiments, the printing of the scannable image, e.g., barcode, can be such that the topmost layer may be an ultraviolet layer and any associated scan may account for the ultraviolet layer first. Similarly, in various embodiments, if the scannable image is generated by a computer device and displayed by a computer display, the first layer displayed by the computer device can be the ultraviolet layer.

The logic flow 500D may transmit the result of the scan to any suitable computer device 550 as discussed herein, including an indication as to whether or not the scan was of the barcode was successful, and any encoded information associated in addition to that was obtained.

FIG. 5E illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500E. The logic flow 500E may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, including but not limited to FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 7C

The logic flow 500E may detect an alteration to a fiducial marker on display of a device, where the fiducial marker includes a plurality of non-black and non-white colors, wherein each one of the plurality of non-black and non-white colors are based on a detected change in color with respect to a change in an environment, and where each one of the non-black and non-white colors are based on at least one of i) an absent color in relation to the changed environment and ii) at least one least prevalent color associated with the changed environment 580. The fiducial marker may be displayed and utilized as discussed with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 7B and utilizing any colorspace optimization technique as discussed herein, including but not limited to as discussed with reference to FIG. 2B. For example, a camera or scanning device may detect a chance in a colorspace of an environment containing the device with the display and transmit the image data associated with the change in the colorspace of the environment to the device displaying the fiducial marker, such as a computer device, lab top, or tablet system. The computer device, lab top, or tablet system may perform one or more colorspace optimization techniques as discussed herein and display an altered fiducial marker that is optimized for detection in the new environment. In various embodiments, as discussed elsewhere herein with reference to other images, the fiducial marker may include at least four distinct colors, each of the four colors being different with respect to one another and/or also being different to each one of the most prevalent plurality of colors of the altered environment, where the altered environment may include at least four prevalent colors, and where each one of the at least four distinct colors capable of being derived from a plurality of coordinates corresponding to each one of the at least four distinct colors along a derivative colorspace associated with a colorspace conversion in relation to the colorspace of the altered environment, and where the derivative colorspace may contain a plurality of coordinates sets representing the at least four prevalent colors. In various embodiments, at least four distinct colors may each correspond to a distinct coordinate set of the derivative colorspace, and each of the at least four distinct colors may be selected based on having a maximal opposite coordinate relationship with respect to at least one of the plurality of coordinate sets representing the at least four prevalent colors.

In various embodiments, the device performing the colorspace conversions, such as a computer, lab top, or tablet system may perform a spatial orientation operation (discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 7B) utilizing the altered fiducial marker 590. Alternatively, in various embodiments (also discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 7B), the computer, lab top, or tablet system may transmit the altered fiducial marker to another device, such as an augmented reality device in the changed environment and/or a robot configured to exert a physical action in the changed environment. The robot or augmented reality device may then use the altered fiducial marker is as a point of spatial reference, e.g. the robot or augmented reality device receives the image data associated with the altered fiducial marker and display it on interface it of its own or otherwise reproduces such that another device in the environment, e.g. a camera, scanner, controller, or any other suitable device that the robot or augmented reality device receives data from or otherwise performs a physical action in relation thereto may more easily scan the fiducial marker (which is now optimized for the changed environment), thus allowing the robot or augmented reality device to perform a physical action and/or spatial orientation in relation to the other device providing the data or otherwise communicating with the robot or augmented reality device.

FIG. 5F illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500F. The logic flow 500F may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein including but not limited to FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 7C

The logic flow 500F may detect an alteration to a fiducial marker (or fiducial markers) that is located in an environment, or otherwise associated with the environment, containing an augmented reality device (which can be part of an overall augmented reality system), where the fiducial marker includes a plurality of non-black and non-white colors 585. In various embodiments, each one of the plurality of non-black and non-white colors are based on a detected change in color with respect to a change in an environment. In various embodiments, each one of the non-black and non-white colors are based on at least one of i) an absent color in relation to the changing environment or ii) at least one least prevalent color associated with the changing environment. The fiducial marker may be displayed and utilized as discussed concerning FIG. 1, FIG. 7B, and/or FIG. 7C, and utilizing any colorspace optimization technique as discussed herein, including but not limited to as discussed concerning FIG. 2B. For example, a camera or scanning device may detect a chance in a colorspace of an environment containing the device with the display and transmit the image data associated with the change in the colorspace of the environment to the device displaying the fiducial marker, such as a computer device, lab top, or tablet system. The computer device, lab top or tablet system may perform one or more colorspace optimization techniques as discussed herein and display an altered fiducial marker that is optimized for detection in the new environment. In various embodiments, as discussed elsewhere herein with reference to other images, the fiducial marker may include at least four distinct colors, each of the four colors being different with respect to one another and/or also being different to each one of the most prevalent plurality of colors of the altered environment, where the altered environment may include at least four prevalent colors, and where each one of the at least four distinct colors capable of being derived from a plurality of coordinates corresponding to each one of the at least four distinct colors along a derivative colorspace associated with a colorspace conversion in relation to the colorspace of the altered environment, and where the derivative colorspace may contain a plurality of coordinates sets representing the at least four prevalent colors. In various embodiments, at least four distinct colors may each correspond to a distinct coordinate set of the derivative colorspace, and each of the at least four distinct colors may be selected based on having a maximal opposite coordinate relationship with respect to at least one of the plurality of coordinate sets representing the at least four prevalent colors.

In various embodiments, more than colorspace conversion can take place, where the first colorspace conversion, e.g., from RGB to XYZ, performs the necessary operations to optimize the colorspace to be associated with each fiducial marker in relation to the changes in the environment, and where the second conversion, e.g., XYZ to LAB, can offer an advantage inherent with respect to that colorspace in relation to a particular purpose, e.g., updating a mesh for an augmented reality device and performing detection of fiducial markers useful for that purpose in association therewith. The key associated with scanning and/or performing any required associated decryption in relation to the one or more fiducial markers can be defined by the mathematical equations governing the conversion from the first colorspace to the other colorspace, e.g. RGB to XYZ, and, as applicable, the conversion of the other colorspace to another colorspace, e.g. XYZ to LAB. A mesh can be a three-dimensional representation of one or more objects, surfaces, or other entities in an environment, and the mesh can include a skin that forms the covering associated therewith. In various embodiments, the mesh can be associated with the entirety of an environment and all the objects and entities therein.

In various embodiments, more than one device may project or otherwise produce more than one fiducial marker, and in various embodiments, each fiducial marker can correspond to an object or entity, e.g. user, in an environment. The colorspace optimization with respect to one of the fiducial markers can be the same or different depending on the application and/or environmental changes.

In various embodiments, one or more devices performing the colorspace conversions, such as a computer, laptop, camera, scanning device or tablet system may transmit the altered colorspace to any suitable device, e.g. the computer, the laptop, the camera, the scanning device or the tablet system to update the one or more fiducial markers.

The logic flow 500 H can update a mesh for an augmented reality device part of an augmented reality system utilizing the one or more fiducial markers 592. As activity takes place in the environment associated with the augmented reality system and device, the augmented reality device can detect movement by utilizing the fiducial markers for orientation and/or, in instances where the fiducial markers are located on objects or entities (e.g., users) in the environment, by detecting altered locations of the objects in the environment. Since the fiducial markers, pursuant to various environments, have colorspaces and associated colors that change based on environmental changes, e.g. making the colorspaces of the markers more detectable by changing the colorspaces of the fiducial markers, e.g. optimizing the fiducial markers for detection or scanning in relation to the environment (and associated changes) (e.g. utilizing any suitable colorspace conversion or image processing technique as discussed herein), the accuracy and sustainability of the mesh is enhanced, and the user experience associated with the augmented reality device and system is, by extension, also enhanced.

FIG. 5G illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500G. The logic flow 500G may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, including but not limited to FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 7C.

The logic flow 500G may utilize one or more fiducial markers contained in an environment associated with an augmented reality system to localize one or more cameras in the environment for detection and utilization in one or more augmented reality operations 592. In various embodiments, the one or more fiducial markers can be any marker as described herein, including markers with color-channels, ultraviolet channels, and/or infrared channels as optimized for detection as discussed herein. In various embodiments, the one or more fiducial markers can be pre-encoded with the layout of the environment, including but not limited to all objects and entities therein, e.g. cameras, machines, computers, objects, people etc. In various embodiments, the location (e.g. where each object, entity, and/or device of the environment is located) and relational data (e.g. the relation of one object to another, including the fiducial markers themselves) can be transmitted to the one or more fiducial markers in real time by the one or more cameras, other scanning devices, and/or computer devices in the environment, which can include updating a pre-configured marker and/or encoding data on a fiducial marker without data.

In various embodiments, the logic flow 500G can utilize the encoded data to determine the layout and location for one or more augmented reality meshes (and skin(s) associated therewith) is to be generated in relation to one or more objects, entities, and/or devices in the environment, including a mesh layout for the environment as a whole 594. In various embodiments, this can include updating an existing mesh based on detected alterations to the environment, where the detection of a change to the environment can be pursuant to any technique as discussed herein or as otherwise suitable 596. In various embodiments, this can include utilizing one or more camera or scanning devices to detect a rotation, movement, or other alteration of an entity, object, or device in the environment, and transmit the detection to the one or more alteration to the one or more fiducial markers, which can update the location and/or relational data as data represented by having one or more dynamically optimized-for-detection color layers, ultraviolet layers, and/or infrared layers, and where those dynamically optimized layers can be pursuant to any of the optimization techniques discussed herein or as otherwise suitable. Once the one or more fiducial markers have been encoded and/or updated, the augmented reality system can generate or update the mesh associated with the one or more objects, entities, and/or devices of the environment, where in various embodiments this can include a generated or updated mesh (and associated skin) for the layout of the environment as a whole 598. In various embodiments, the relational and/or location data can be encoded in one or more color channels associated with the one or more fiducial markers. In various embodiments, this can include an “A” and/or a “B” channel of a LAB colorspace, where in various embodiments, the colors associated with the one or more fiducial markers are generated and updated pursuant to one or more colorspace conversion techniques as discussed herein.

FIG. 5H illustrates one embodiment of a logic flow 500H. The logic flow 500G may be representative of some or all of the operations executed by one or more embodiments described herein, including but not limited to FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 7C.

The logic flow 500H may perform one or more colorspace conversions utilizing one or more programmable logic arrays, including but not limited to FPGAs 595. The colorspace conversions can be performed in response to any suitable processing device, distinct from the programmable logic arrays, detecting the change of a target, e.g. an environment, where the change can result in the target altering its colorspace. The one or more programmable logic arrays can perform a colorspace optimization technique, including but not limited to the colorspace optimization techniques discussed herein, to optimize an object, entity, or environment in relation to the colorspace change in the target. In various embodiments, prior to having the flow perform block 595, any suitable component as described herein can determine if having the programmable logic arrays perform the colorspace conversion is power-efficient in terms of cost, and if so, block 595 is carried out as described, and if not, the colorspace conversion is performed by the processing device and any other suitable component or application in relation to the processing devices, as opposed to the programmable logic arrays.

The logic flow 500H may then utilize the one or more colorspace conversions (e.g. whether performed by the programmable logic arrays as indicated by block 595 or whether performed by another component or components in embodiments where it is determined that is more cost efficient for the another component or components to do so) for a colorspace operation that uses the colorspace conversion or conversions for an operation where the colorspace conversion or conversions is useful 597. For example, the colorspace operation can be to employ the altered colorspace computed by the one or more programmable logic arrays (e.g. from the colorspace conversion) to change the image profile of an object to be detected in relation to the target, where in various embodiments, the target can be an environment. The detection operation can be any suitable detection operation as suitable for various computing applications, including augmented reality applications, global positioning applications, printing image schemes, image generation on a display, scanning of images, and general detection activity. The object can be introduced into the changed environment after the environment has changed, and with a colorspace corresponding to the optimized colorspace provided and/or based on the colorspace conversion provided for by the one or more programmable logic arrays, and where the implementation (e.g. image generation, displaying, and/or printing) of the colorspace corresponding to the optimized colorspace can be executed, at least in part, by one or more operations carried out by the one or more processor devices that are distinct from the one or more programmable logic arrays (where even though said one or more processors devices do not perform the colorspace conversions). In various embodiments, the actual colorspace conversion technique employed by the one or more programmable logic arrays can include any of the techniques outlined with respect to FIG. 1, FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, and/or any other suitable technique as described herein (including but not limited to with respect to other flows and systems as described herein).

By way of non-limiting example, in the context of a dynamic barcode used on a display of a tag or computer in an environment that is changing, the colorspace of the barcode can be altered by the processor using the colorspace based on the colorspace conversion computed by the one or more programmable logic arrays. By way of another example, the detection can be detecting an object introduced into an environment, whether it is a real environment or a virtual environment, after the environment is changed. The colorspace of the object as a whole can be changed to be optimized for detection based on the colorspace conversion performed by the one or more programmable logic arrays, e.g. in the context of augmented reality, the generated virtual object can have a colorspace that matches the optimized colorspace from the conversion, and the processing component can utilize its computing powers on other resource-heavy actions associated with virtual reality (without having to perform the colorspace conversion), such as rendering, orienting, and mesh generation.

By way of non-limiting example, in the context of a real-world object, an alterable surface of that object, e.g. display, can be optimized for detection based on the colorspace conversion, e.g. an object detected by a global positioning system can be associated with a processor device that performs orientation and route-calculating operations while communicating with the global positioning system, and performing those operations without having to perform the colorspace conversion operations can preserve computing power, while also enhancing detection of the object as it enters the changed environment and/or in anticipation of the environmental change.

By way of non-limiting example, the printing, generation and/or detection of barcodes and/or fiducial markers, whether static or alterable, can similarly be improved by offloading the colorspace conversions associated with at least one iteration of the printed, generated, or scanned scheme to be associated with the barcodes and/or fiducial markers, as the processor devices associated with the operating of printing, scanning, detecting, and/or other functions associated therewith (including orienting operations utilizing the barcodes and/or fiducial markers) can preserve computing power by focusing on one or more of those operations, without being encumbered by performing the colorspace conversions, but while also being able to take advantage of the benefits associated therewith. In various embodiments, the processor can preserve computing power for other operations related to the particular application where the colorspace modification can be useful.

FIG. 6A illustrates one technique 600A of forming a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiments of the present disclosure. Scannable image layers 605 a, 610 a, and 615 a each represent a layer of a scannable image, such as a barcode, associated with one or more colors. Any suitable component as disclosed herein may perform one or more colorspace transformation techniques on each scannable image layers 605 a, 610 a, 615 a in order to produce layers 620 a, 625 a, and 630 a, and layers 620 a, 625 a, and 630 a may be consolidated into a single scannable image, e.g., barcode, 635 a. In various embodiments, the scannable layers 620 a, 625 a, and 630 a may each be associated with a color-channel that represents one or more colors that are absent and/or not prevalent in relation to a target that may be associated with the scannable image 635 a, wherein various embodiments one or more color-channels associated with colors of 620 a, 625 a, and 630 a may be orthogonal or perpendicular in relation to one another and with respect to colorspaces representing those colors. The scannable image 635 a can be printed on a physical surface of a target using any suitable device and/or generated by any suitable computing device for display on a computer display.

Although the embodiment of FIG. 6A illustrates performing a transformation technique with respect to color schemes that are associated with existing scannable image layers 605 a, 610 a, and/or 615 a, scannable image 635 a can be generated from scratch without converting from existing images, e.g., a target can be scanned, colorspaces associated therewith determined therefrom, and a final scannable image 635 a can be produced by performing one or more colorspace transformations on the colorspaces as disclosed herein or otherwise suitable.

FIG. 6B illustrates one technique 600B of forming a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiments of the present disclosure. Scannable image layers 605 b, 610 b, and 615 b each represent a layer of a scannable image, such as a barcode, associated with one or more colors. Any suitable component as disclosed herein may perform one or more colorspace transformation techniques on each scannable image layers 605 b, 610 b, 615 b in order to produce layers 620 b, 625 b, and 630 b, and layers 620 b, 625 b, and 630 b may be consolidated into a single scannable image 635 b, e.g., barcode, 635 b. In various embodiments, the scannable layers 620 b, 625 b, and 630 b may each be associated with a color-channel that represents one or more colors that are absent and/or not prevalent in relation to a target that may be associated with the scannable image 635 b, wherein various embodiments one or more color-channels associated with colors of 620 b, 625 b, and 630 b may be orthogonal or perpendicular in relation to one another and with respect to colorspaces representing those colors. In various embodiments, at least one layer, e.g. 630 b, can be made with ultraviolet or infrared ink or generated using ultraviolet or infrared light such that it contains an additional channel of information, e.g., an ultraviolet layer or infrared layer of information, which can absorb, reflect, project, and/or illuminate ultraviolet or infrared light, wherein various embodiments the ultraviolet layer or infrared layer 630 b may be the first layer of image 635 b. In various embodiments, the ultraviolet or infrared layer 630 b may contain a color-channel layer representing various colors, including colors that are not prevalent and/or absent from a target to be associated with the scannable image 635 b, and in various embodiments, only an ultraviolet channel may be associated with the ultraviolet layer 630 b.

In various embodiments, the scannable image 635 b can be printed on a physical surface of a target using any suitable device and/or generated by any suitable computer device for display on a computer display.

In various embodiments, the scannable image 635 b is a fiducial marker that takes advantage of the inherent orienting features of ultraviolet and/or infrared light when being scanned by a suitable device that can detect either one or both of ultraviolet and/or infrared light. In various embodiments, when a suitable device, e.g., scanning device 197, scans a fiducial marker 635 b that reflects ultraviolet and/or infrared light, the spatial relationship of the object associated with the fiducial maker 635 b, e.g. an object with the fiducial marker labeled thereon and/or a computer display generating the fiducial marker 635 b, in relation to the scanning device 197 and other objects in an environment containing the device is easier to ascertain because of the inherent properties associated with the reflection and detection of ultraviolet and/or infrared light.

FIG. 6C illustrates one technique 600C of forming a scannable image in accordance with at least one embodiments of the present disclosure. Scannable image layers 605 c, 610 c, 615 c, and 620 c each represent a layer of a scannable image, such as a barcode, associated with one or more colors. Any suitable component as disclosed herein may perform one or more colorspace transformation techniques on each scannable image layers 605 c, 610 c, 615 c, and 620 c in order to produce layers 625 c, 630 c, 635 c and 640 c, and layers 625 c, 630 c, 635 c and 640 c may be consolidated into a single scannable image, e.g., barcode, 645 c. In various embodiments, the scannable layers 625 c, 630 c, 635 c and 640 c may each be associated with a color-channel that represents one or more colors that are absent and/or not prevalent in relation to a target that may be associated with the scannable image 645 c, wherein various embodiments one or more color-channels associated with colors of 625 c, 630 c, 635 c and 640 c may be orthogonal or perpendicular in relation to one another and with respect to colorspaces representing those colors.

In various embodiments, at least one layer, e.g. 635 c, can be made with infrared ink or generated using infrared light such that it contains an additional channel of information, e.g., an ultraviolet layer of information, which can absorb, reflect, project, and/or illuminate infrared light, wherein various embodiments the infrared layer 630 c may be the first layer of image 635 c. In various embodiments, the infrared layer 630 c may contain a color-channel layer representing various colors, including colors that are not prevalent and/or absent from a target to be associated with the scannable image 645 c, and in various embodiments, only an infrared channel may be associated with the infrared layer 630 c. In various embodiments, at least one layer, e.g. 640 c, can be made with ultraviolet ink or generated using ultraviolet light such that it contains an additional channel of information, e.g., an ultraviolet layer of information, which can absorb, reflect, project, and/or illuminate ultraviolet light, wherein various embodiments the ultraviolet layer 640 c may be the first layer of image 645 c. In various embodiments, the ultraviolet layer 640 c may contain a color-channel layer representing various colors, including colors that are not prevalent and/or absent from a target to be associated with the scannable image 645 c, and in various embodiments, only an ultraviolet channel may be associated with the ultraviolet layer 640 c.

In various embodiments, the scannable image 645 c is a fiducial marker that takes advantage of the inherent orienting features of ultraviolet and/or infrared light when being scanned by a suitable device that can detect either one or both of ultraviolet and/or infrared light. In various embodiments, when a suitable device, e.g., scanning device 197, scans a fiducial marker 645 c that reflects both ultraviolet and infrared light, the spatial relationship of the object associated with the fiducial maker 645 c, e.g. an object with the fiducial marker labeled thereon and/or a computer display generating the fiducial marker 645 c, in relation to the scanning device 197 and other objects in an environment containing the device is easier to ascertain or detect because of the inherent properties associated with the reflection and detection of ultraviolet and/or infrared light. In various embodiments, where fiducial marker 645 c utilizes both ultraviolet and infrared light, the presence of both operates as a fail-safe if the functionality of the scanning device 197 is compromised, and/or if an initial scan fails to detect one or the other.

In various embodiments, the scannable image 645 c may include both an infrared layer 635 c and an ultraviolet layer 640 c, where the printing or generating of layer 645 c may be such that the ultraviolet layer 640 c may be the first layer in order to take advantage of the characteristics associated with ultraviolet light. Although at least one embodiment provided above indicates that either one or both of layers 635 c and 640 c can include color-channel information, e.g., scannable colors that have a relationship with a target, in various embodiments, layers 635 c and 640 c can be associated strictly with infrared and/or ultraviolet information respectively. Moreover, in various embodiments, the colors of layer 620 c, 625 c, and 630 c do not have to be layer that has a relationship with the target, and in various embodiments, said layers can be composed of black and white colors and/or other colors unrelated to the target and/or not based on colorspace conversion techniques.

FIG. 7A illustrates a computer or tablet system 700A for generating and scanning a scannable image 740. In various embodiments, although system 700A is illustrated as a tablet system, it may be another computer device, such as a personal user computer, lab top, or any other suitable computer device, and the tablet system 700A may be configured to carry out one or more operations of FIG. 1. The tablet system includes a tablet 702 for generating a scannable image 740, e.g., barcode, where the tablet 702 includes applications 705A-E, application N, and application 420, where one embodiment of application 420 is described in greater detail above with respect to FIG. 4. In various embodiments one or more of the applications 705A-E may carry out one or more operations associated with FIG. 1. The tablet 702 may include one or more user interface devices 720 which a user can use to interface with the tablet 702. The tablet 702 can generate a scannable image 740 that includes one or both of an ultraviolet and infrared layer. The tablet 702 can be configured to ensure that the top layer is an ultraviolet layer to take advantage of the properties inherent with ultraviolet light. The scannable image 740 can further include one or more colors layer, including white and black layers. The scannable image 740 can further include one or more non-black and non-white colors layers that are related to colors associated with the environment where the tablet is located, e.g., the tablet can be configured to have a camera with an application, e.g., 420, that can scan an environment and produce a scannable image 740 with colors related to that environment. In various embodiments, the colors related to the environment can be colors based on one or more colorspace transformation techniques as discussed herein, including colors that are least prevalent and/or absent from the environment containing the tablet 702 and determined by one or more colorspace conversions, and in various embodiments, the tablet 702 can include a programmable logic array for the purpose of carrying out colorspace conversion and optimization operations, and distinct from a processor device or other applications carrying out other computer operations associated, including but not limited to detection operations.

The system 700A can further include a camera or scanning device c750 that can scan the scannable image 740, wherein various embodiments the camera or scanning device c750 may include application 420 (as discussed above), and/or a colorspace key and/or infrared verification bit and/or ultraviolet verification bit as disclosed herein, and in order to perform a valid scan of scannable image 740 and/or obtain any encoded information associated therewith.

FIG. 7B illustrates a computer or tablet system 700B for generating and/or scanning a scannable image 741 and using the scannable image for providing orientation for industrial, robotic, or computer equipment (e.g. a virtual-reality system). In various embodiments, although system 700B is illustrated as a tablet system, it may be another computer device, such as a personal user computer, lab top, or any other suitable computer device, and the tablet system 700B may be configured to carry out one or more operations of FIG. 1 and can include a programmable logic array for the purpose of carrying out colorspace conversion and optimization operations, and distinct from a processor device or other applications carrying out other computer operations associated, including but not limited to detection operations. The tablet system includes a tablet 702 for generating a scannable image 740, e.g., barcode, where the tablet 702 includes applications 705A-E, application N, and application 420, where one embodiment of application 420 is described in greater detail above with respect to FIG. 4. In various embodiments, one or more of the applications 705A-E may carry out one or more operations associated with FIG. 1. The tablet 702 may include one or more user interface devices 720 which a user can use to interface with the tablet 702. The tablet 702 can generate a scannable image 740 that includes one or both of an ultraviolet and infrared layer. The tablet 702 can be configured to ensure that the top layer is an ultraviolet layer to take advantage of the properties inherent with ultraviolet light. The scannable image 741, e.g., fiducial marker, can further include one or more colors layer, including white and black layers. The scannable image 741 can further include one or more non-black and non-white colors layers that are related to colors associated with the environment where the tablet is located, e.g., the tablet can be configured to have a camera with an application, e.g., 420, that can scan an environment and produce a scannable image 741 with colors related to that environment. In various embodiments, the colors related to the environment can be colors based on one or more colorspace transformation techniques as discussed herein, including colors that are least prevalent and/or absent from the environment containing the tablet 702 and determined by one or more colorspace conversions performed by a programmable logic array distinct from processor devices carrying out other operations, including rendering operations.

The system 700B can further include a camera or scanning device c750 that can scan the scannable image 741, wherein various embodiments the camera or scanning device c750 may include application 420 (as discussed above), and/or a colorspace key and/or infrared verification bit and/or ultraviolet verification bit as disclosed herein, and in order to perform a valid scan of scannable image 740 and/or obtain any encoded information associated therewith.

The system 700B can further include one or more scanning or camera devices 775, one or more servers 774, a network 770 for facilitating communication between and amongst the various components of system 700B, and a device configurable with a fiducial marker 774 (hereinafter referred to as “fiducial device 772”). In various embodiments, an environment 701 containing the tablet 702 and associated with tablet system 700B is shown. In various embodiments, displayed image 741 is a fiducial marker. In various embodiments, the functions of one or more scanning or camera devices 775 and/or camera and/or scanning device c750 may be carried out by a camera, scanning, or other suitable device (not shown) that is part of tablet 702. In various embodiments, the functions of one or more scanning or camera devices 775 may be carried out by a camera device or scanning device c750. In various, the environment for purposes of scanning and optimization in terms of altering the fiducial marker (as discussed herein) can be a proximate portion 780 of the overall environment 701 in relation to the tablet 702. Although shown as a tablet 702, the tablet 702 can be a computer, a camera that can be programmed with one or more computer operations, a laptop, or any other suitable computing device.

In various embodiments, the tablet 702 displays a marker useful for a device to use the marker as a point of spatial reference, e.g., a fiducial marker 741. The tablet 702 may directly transmit the fiducial marker 741 to a device 774 that can detect the marker or utilize it in relation to another object, such as one or more scanning or camera devices 775 to orient itself and take an action with respect to the another object. The device may be a fiducial device 772, such as an augmented reality device, a virtual reality device, and/or a robot configured to take a physical action with respect to other objects associated with the environment 701. Whatever type of fiducial device 772 is utilized, in various embodiments, detection of the fiducial device 772 by another device communicating with the fiducial device 772, e.g. one or more camera devices 775 or any other suitable device associated with the environment 701 may be important, as receipt of data by the fiducial device 772 and orientation of the fiducial device 772 in relation to the data providing device may be important for the fiducial device 772 to carry out its functions. For example, if the fiducial device 772 is a robot for taking an action in the environment 701, the one or more camera devices 775 may feed the fiducial device 772 with image data acquired by scanning the environment (directly or indirectly by the tablet 702 receiving the data and tram sitting it to the fiducial device 772), where the image data may provide the robot 772 with the information it requires to move in the environment 701 and take an appropriate action in the environment 701, e.g. contact or move an object in associated therewith. Proper detection of the fiducial marker 741 which is transmitted to fiducial device 772 by a data providing device, such as the tablet 702, the one or more cameras 775, and/or any other component of system 700B and/or any other component that may be in environment 701 can allow the fiducial device to orient itself with respect to that device or otherwise better perform a spatial action. By way of another example, if the fiducial device 772 is an augmented reality system associated with a user the one or more camera device 775 may provide the augmented reality device with information that is relevant to coordinating user movement in the real environment 701 in relation to a virtual environment associated with the augmented reality system 772 (e.g., this may prevent the user from feeling a physical discomfort, such as dizziness). Accordingly, proper detection of the fiducial device 772 by the relevant component associated with the environment 701 may be important in various contexts at least because the fiducial device may perform a spatial orientation action that enhances its performance and functionality.

In various embodiments, the tablet 702 may transmit the colorspace and color distribution associated with the displayed fiducial marker 741 to one or more servers 774, where the one or more servers 774 may transmit the data associated with the fiducial marker 741 to the fiducial device 772, which may have a display of its own that can display and reproduce the fiducial marker 741 and./or otherwise utilize the data for proper detection.

In various embodiments, the one or more scanning or camera devices 775 continuously scan the environment 701 to determine if the colors and associated colorspace of the environment changes, e.g. new colors are introduced, colors are altered, and/or any other change occurs which results in the color profile of the environment 701 changing. In response to detecting a change in the environment 701, the one or more scanning or camera devices 775 may transmit the image data associated with changed environment 701 to the tablet 702.

In various embodiments, whether the initial fiducial marker 741 was displayed as a colored fiducial marker that had colors that were not black, white, or based on a greyscale and/or subject to a colorspace optimization technique as discussed herein or whether the initial fiducial marker 741was any kind of fiducial marker 741, once the environment 701 changes, the tablet 702 (e.g. by any of applications 705A-705E) may receive image data associated with the change from the one or more camera devices 775, and perform any of the operations associated with colorspace transformations, colorspace conversions, and image processing as discussed herein, including but not limited to the techniques associated with FIG. 1, FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3. FIG. 4, and FIG. 5A, or any other colorspace optimization techniques, including but not limited to techniques directed to generating colorspaces that do not contain black, white, or greyscale colors after all conversions associated with the technique have taken place. In various embodiments, the one or more colorspace optimization techniques employed by the tablet 702 produce a colorspace for an altered displayed fiducial marker 741 that is optimized for detection in the altered environment 701, e.g. a detection enhancement occurs with respect to scanning or camera device c750, one or more or scanning devices or cameras 775, or any other suitable detection device associated with environment 750. The altered fiducial marker 741 may be used by the tablet 702 to enhance a spatial orientation operation associated therewith and/or it may be transmitted to a fiducial device 772, which may display it (e.g. regenerate it on a display associated with fiducial device 772 after receiving the data associated with the optimized colorspace form the tablet 702) or otherwise utilize it to enhance a spatial orientation and/or physical movement operation. In various embodiments, the operations of the tablet 702 may be carried out directly by the fiducial device 772 as outlined herein, including accepting and receiving image data from the one or more camera and scanning devices 775, performing colorspace optimization techniques, and displaying the fiducial (and altered fiducial) marker 741.

In various embodiments, the environment 701 may continually change according to a time interval or other schedule (or the environment can change based on random events) and the displayed fiducial marker 741 can continually be altered based on the techniques discussed herein, such that each iteration of the fiducial marker 741 is optimized in relation to the environment according to any one of the optimization techniques discussed herein. For example, each displayable iteration of the altered (and alterable fiducial marker 741, e.g. it can be changed continuously in response to environmental changes), where every displayable iteration of the alterable fiducial marker includes at least four colors, each of the four colors being different with respect to one another and to at least one prevalent color in a most recent change in the environment, where each of the four colors being different with respect to one another and at least one of the four colors being a color absent from a most recent change environment 701, and where each of the four colors being derived from a colorspace associated with a filtered luminance channel. The fiducial marker 741 (altered or otherwise) can also have one or more infrared or ultraviolet layers, wherein various embodiments the ultraviolet layer can be as a top layer to optimize detection. In various embodiments, the fiducial marker 741 (altered or otherwise) can be as described or can be derived as described with respect to any matrix-code or barcode as described herein and may have a colorspace derived utilizing any of the colorspace or image processing techniques as discussed herein.

In various embodiments, one or more devices or components of FIG. 7B, including the tablet 702, the fiducial device 772, the camera and/or scanning devices 775, and/or any other suitable devices associated with FIG. 7B can be configured to transmit, ingest, or process environmental color changes and transmit them to one another as necessary to ensure proper detection of environmental changes, e.g. they can be configured to scan the environment and transmit an associated histogram of the environment based on a pre-defined timing interval and/or based on detecting a spectral change of a certain magnitude. In various embodiments, appropriate mathematical operations are performed at the relevant processing device, e.g. the tablet 702 displaying a fiducial marker, to process the various histograms (e.g. an appropriate mathematical averaging technique) to determine an accurate representation of the environment, e.g. environment 701 or part of an environment 780, and in responses thereto, perform the colorspace optimization techniques (as discussed herein) to alter the displayed fiducial marker, e.g. 741, to be optimized in relation to the environmental changes.

In various embodiments, the environmental change or change constituting the change in which the one or more fiducial markers, e.g. 741, can be processed (e.g. pursuant to a colorspace conversion technique as described herein) for alteration and optimization in relation to the change or changes can be based on a suitable histogram averaging technique processed into a single histogram representing the environmental changes as a whole, e.g. a single histogram developed therefrom. In various embodiments, based on that consolidated-averaged histogram and colorspace representation associated therewith, one or more colorspace conversion (e.g. as discussed herein) can be performed with respect to the colorspace (and colorspace distribution) of the one or more fiducial markers 741, and can be performed to optimize detection of the one or more markers in relation to the environmental changes.

FIG. 7C illustrates an augmented reality system 700C using one or more scannable images and colorspace conversion techniques as illustrated herein. The system 700C may include one or more devices, including a tablet 702, camera or scanning devices 775, and other suitable devices for generating and/or scanning one or more scannable images 741, 742 and using the scannable images for providing orientation for an augmented reality device 773 and/or updating a mesh associated therewith. Any one of the suitable devices of 700C, including the tablet 702 and/or augmented reality device 773, can carry out one or more operations of FIG. 1. The tablet 702 can include applications 705A-E, application N, and application 420, where one embodiment of application 420 is described in greater detail above with respect to FIG. 4. Although shown as a tablet 702, the tablet 702 can be a computer, a camera that can be programmed with one or more computer operations, a laptop, or any other suitable computing device.

In various embodiments, one or more of the applications 705A-E may carry out one or more operations associated with FIG. 1. The tablet 702 may include one or more user interface devices 720 which a user can use to interface with the tablet 702. The tablet 702 can generate a scannable image 741 that includes one or both of an ultraviolet and infrared layer. The tablet 702 can be configured to ensure that the top layer is an ultraviolet layer to take advantage of the properties inherent with ultraviolet light. The scannable image 741, e.g. fiducial marker, can further include one or more colors layer, including white and black layers. The scannable image 741 can further include one or more non-black and non-white colors layers that are related to colors associated with the environment where the tablet is located, e.g., the tablet can be configured to have a camera with an application, e.g., 420, that can scan an environment and produce a scannable image 741 with colors related to that environment. In various embodiments, the colors related to the environment can be colors based on one or more colorspace transformation techniques as discussed herein, including colors that are least prevalent and/or absent from the environment containing the tablet 702 and determined by one or more colorspace conversions that can be performed by one or more programmable logic arrays 782 (e.g. FPGAs). As shown, the programmable logic arrays 782 are distinct from the tablet device 702, but in other embodiments, the programmable logic arrays 782 are part of the tablet device 702, but distinct from processor devices responsible for operations distinct from the actual performance of the colorspace conversions (although the processors and other components can use the colorspace conversions), including processors (dependent on the application) responsible for rendering, orientation, and/or detection operations.

In various embodiments, the tablet 702 and/or any other component of system 700C, such as cameras 775, can generate multiple other scannable images 742. The scannable images 742 can be of the same or different type as described with respect to scannable image 741. Although not expressly shown, the fiducial markers can be located on or otherwise associated with various entities in the environment 701, e.g. camera 775, camera or scanning device c750, users 750 a, 750 b (e.g. wearing articles of clothing with one or more fiducial markers thereon for the purpose of enhancing the augmented reality experience), etc.

The system 700C can further include a camera or scanning device c750 that can scan the scannable image 741, wherein various embodiments the camera or scanning device c750 may include application 420 (as discussed above), and/or a colorspace key and/or infrared verification bit and/or ultraviolet verification bit as disclosed herein, and in order to perform a valid scan of scannable image 740 and/or obtain any encoded information associated therewith.

The system 700C can further include one or more scanning or camera devices 775, one or more servers 774, a network 770 for facilitating communication between and amongst the various components of system 700C, and an augmented reality device 773. In various embodiments, an environment 701 containing the associated components of system 700C. In various embodiments, displayed image 741 is a fiducial marker. In various embodiments, displayed images 742 are also fiducial markers that can be the same type (e.g. same colorspace distribution) or different type (e.g. same colorspace distribution) from the fiducial marker 741. In various embodiments, the functions of one or more scanning or camera devices 775 and/or camera and/or scanning device c750 may be carried out by a camera, scanning, or other suitable device (not shown) that is part of tablet 702, and can include projecting one or more fiducial markers 742 that can be used to orient the augmented device 743 and/or permitting the augmented reality device 743 to update an associated augmented reality mesh produced by augmented reality device 743. In various embodiments, the functions of one or more scanning or camera devices 775 may be carried out by camera device or scanning device c750. In various embodiments, the environment for purposes of scanning and optimization in terms of altering the fiducial marker (as discussed herein) can be a proximate portion 780 of the overall environment 701 in relation to the tablet 702.

In various embodiments, the tablet 702 displays or projects one or more markers useful for a device, e.g. augmented reality device 743, to use the one or more markers as a point of spatial reference, e.g. a fiducial marker 741 and/or at least one of fiducial markers 742, for performing an orientation operation, and with respect to augmented reality device 743, updating a mesh in relation to devices, objects, and/or users 750 a,750 b in the environment 701. In various embodiments the or more scanning or camera devices 775 and/or camera and/or scanning device c750 can also display or project at least one of the one or more markers 743 useful for a device, e.g. augmented reality device 743, to use the one or more markers 743 as a point of spatial reference, e.g. a fiducial marker 741, for performing an orientation operation, and with respect to augmented reality device 743, updating a mesh in relation to devices, objects, and/or users in the environment 701.

The tablet 702, one or more scanning or camera devices 775 and/or camera and/or scanning device c750 may directly transmit the fiducial markers 741, 742 to a device 773 that can detect the marker or utilize it in order to update an augmented reality mesh that is useful for a user or users 750 a, 750 b enjoying the services. In various embodiments, the augmented reality device 772 is an augmented reality system associated with a user the one or more camera device 775 may provide the augmented reality device with information that is relevant to coordinating user movement in the real environment 701 in relation to a virtual environment associated with the augmented reality system 772 (e.g. this may prevent the user from feeling a physical discomfort, such as dizziness). Accordingly, proper detection of the fiducial device 772 by the relevant component associated with the environment 701 may be important in various contexts at least because the fiducial device may perform a spatial orientation action that enhances its performance and functionality.

In various embodiments, the tablet 702 or any of the other suitable devices may transmit the colorspace and color distribution associated with the displayed fiducial marker 741 or other fiducial markers 742 to one or more servers 774, where the one or more servers 774 may transmit the data associated with the fiducial marker 741 to the augmented reality system 743, which may have a display of its own that can display and reproduce the fiducial marker 741 and./or otherwise utilize the data for proper detection.

In various embodiments, the one or more scanning or camera devices 775 continuously scan the environment 701 to determine if the colors and associated colorspace of the environment changes, e.g. new colors are introduced, colors are altered, and/or any other change occurs which results in the color profile of the environment 701 changing. In response to detecting a change in the environment 701, the one or more scanning or camera devices 775 may transmit the image data associated with changed environment 701 (or a part of the environment, e.g. 780) to the tablet 702.

In various embodiments, whether the initial fiducial marker 741 or other initial fiducial markers 742 (prior to converting the colorspaces) were displayed and projected (as suitable by the one or more devices of FIG. 7C) as a colored fiducial marker or markers that had colors that were not black, white, or based on a greyscale and/or subject to a colorspace optimization technique as discussed herein or whether the initial fiducial marker 741 was any kind of fiducial marker 741, once the environment 701 changes, the tablet 702 or other suitable device (e.g., by any of applications 705A-705E or as otherwise suitable) may receive image data associated with the change from the one or more camera devices 775, and can instruct the programmable logic arrays 782 to perform any of the operations associated with colorspace transformations, colorspace conversions, and image processing as discussed herein, including but not limited to the techniques associated with FIG. 1, FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3. FIG. 4, and FIG. 5A, or any other colorspace optimization techniques, including but not limited to techniques directed to generating colorspaces that do not contain black, white, or greyscale colors after all conversions associated with the technique have taken place, and then one or more processors associated with any of the other components and devices of FIG. 7C, including the tablet 702 can utilize the conversions to transmit an updated colorspace profile to the individual markers 742 or otherwise utilize colorspace conversions with respect to images associated with the particular computing application at issue, e.g. for augmented reality, the programmable logic arrays 782 can optimize the colorspace of the virtual objects or entities associated with the augmented reality (e.g. in response to changes of the augmented reality environment) without encumbering the other devices of FIG. 7C.

In various embodiments, with respect to at least one of the one or more fiducial markers 742, the camera devices 775 (or any other device of system 700C) can be configured to have the necessary functionality, as described herein, to update the markers 742, e.g. whether the other initial fiducial markers 742 (prior to converting the colorspaces) were displayed and projected (as suitable by the one or more devices of FIG. 7C) as a colored fiducial marker or markers 742 that had colors that were not black, white, or based on a greyscale and/or subject to a colorspace optimization technique as discussed herein or whether the initial fiducial markers 742 were any kind of fiducial marker 742, once the environment 701 changes, the cameras 775 or other suitable device may receive image data (or obtain the data directly by scanning the environment 701) associated with the change from the any suitable device of 700 c (including from one camera 775 to another camera 775), and instruct one or more of the programmable logic arrays 782 perform any of the operations associated with colorspace transformations, colorspace conversions, and image processing as discussed herein, including but not limited to the techniques associated with FIG. 1, FIG. 2A, and/or FIG. 2B, and/or any other colorspace optimization techniques, including but not limited to techniques directed to generating colorspaces that do not contain black, white, or greyscale colors after all conversions associated with the technique have taken place.

In various embodiments, the one or more colorspace optimization techniques employed by the tablet 702, cameras 775, or other suitable device produce a colorspace for an altered displayed fiducial marker 741, 742 that is optimized for detection in the altered environment 701, e.g. a detection enhancement occurs with respect to scanning or camera device c750, one or more or scanning devices or cameras 775, or any other suitable detection device associated with environment 701. In various embodiments, the augmented device 773 can use the fiducial markers 741, 742 to perform an orientation operation and/or otherwise update the mesh associated with the virtual reality experience. For example, movement in the environment 701 and/or movement of objects or entities in the environment, e.g. when the fiducial markers are on the objects or entities and the objects or entities move and/or when light is interrupted in relation to the fiducial markers 741, 742 as a result of a blocking or revealing of a line of sight (e.g. of the augmented reality device 773) based on movement in the environment 701, are more easily detectable because the fiducial markers 741,742 are more easily detectable in relation to the environmental changes, e.g. at least as a result of the colorspace conversions optimized in relation to the environmental changes.

In various embodiments, the environment 701 may continually change according to a time interval or other schedule (or the environment can change based on random events) and the displayed fiducial markers 741, 742 can continually be altered based on the techniques discussed herein, such that each iteration of the fiducial markers 741, 742 are optimized in relation to the environment according to any one of the optimization techniques discussed herein. For example, each displayable iteration of the altered (and alterable fiducial marker 742, e.g. it can be changed continuously in response to environmental changes), where every displayable iteration of the alterable fiducial markers can include at least four colors, each of the four colors being different with respect to one another and to at least one prevalent color in a most recent change in the environment, where each of the four colors being different with respect to one another and at least one of the four colors being a color absent from a most recent change environment 701, and where each of the four colors being derived from a colorspace associated with a filtered luminance channel. The fiducial markers 741, 742 (altered or otherwise) can also have one or more infrared or ultraviolet layers, wherein various embodiments the ultraviolet layer can be as top layer to optimize detection. The fiducial markers 741, 742 (altered or otherwise) can also have one or more infrared or ultraviolet layers, wherein various embodiments the ultraviolet layer can be as top layer to optimize detection. In various embodiments, the fiducial marker 741 (altered or otherwise) can be as described or can be derived as described with respect to any matrix-code or barcode as described herein and may have a colorspace derived utilizing any of the colorspace or image processing techniques as discussed herein.

In various embodiments, the colorspace conversion techniques can employ additional colorspace conversion, distinct from the optimization techniques related to optimization changes, to take advantage of a colorspace that may have an advantages in relation to augmented reality devices, e.g. converting from an XYZ colorspace associated with the optimization to environmental changes to a corresponding LAB colorspace, such that the final iteration of the altered fiducial markers 741, 742, and where the colorspace conversions can be pursuant to any suitable technique, including but not limited to as described with respect to FIG. 2B.

In various embodiments, one or more devices or components of FIG. 7C, including the tablet 702, the augmented reality device 773, the camera and/or scanning devices 775, and/or any other suitable devices associated with FIG. 7C can be configured to transmit, ingest, or process environmental color changes and transmit them to one another as necessary to ensure proper detection of environmental changes, e.g. they can be configured to scan the environment and transmit an associated histogram of the environmental based on a pre-defined timing interval and/or based on detecting a spectral change of a certain magnitude. In various embodiments, appropriate mathematical operations are performed at the relevant processing device, e.g. the tablet 702 displaying or projecting a fiducial marker or fiducial markers and/or the camera devices 775 displaying or projecting a fiducial marker or fiducial markers, to process the various histograms (e.g. an appropriate mathematical averaging technique) to determine an accurate representation of the environment, e.g. environment 701 or part of an environment 780, and in responses thereto, perform the colorspace optimization techniques (as discussed herein) to alter the displayed fiducial marker or markers, e.g. 741 and/or 742, to be optimized in relation to the environmental changes.

In various embodiments, the environmental change or change constituting the change in which the one or more fiducial markers, e.g. 741 or 742, can be processed (e.g. pursuant to a colorspace conversion technique as described herein) for alteration and optimization in relation to the change or changes can be based on a suitable histogram averaging technique processed into a single histogram representing the environmental changes as a whole, e.g. a single histogram developed therefrom. In various embodiments, based on that consolidated-averaged histogram and colorspace representation associated therewith, one or more colorspace conversion (e.g. as discussed herein) can be performed with respect to the colorspace (and colorspace distribution) of the one or more fiducial markers 741, 742, and can be performed to optimize detection of the one or more markers in relation to the environmental changes.

In various embodiments, the one or more fiducial markers 741, 742 can provide both relational and location information by having the mesh encoded in the one or more fiducial markers, and transmitting the relevant relational and location information to the relevant devices, including the tablet 702, the augmented reality device 773, the camera and/or scanning devices 775, and/or any other suitable devices associated with FIG. 7C. In various embodiments, this is possible at least because the one or more fiducial markers 741, 742 has enhanced data storage capacity as a result of having more channels, e.g. one or more layers with multiple color channels, and/or one or more ultraviolet layers, and/or one or more infrared channels, which allows a mesh with increased informational capacity to be encoded therein and used as suitable required. In various embodiments, the mesh can include one or more objects in the environment and/or the entire environment with all associated objects and entities therein, and in various embodiments, the mesh can include a skin that covers the mesh. In various embodiments, the one or more fiducial markers can include a mesh representing one or more objects in the environment, including, in various embodiments, all of the objects and entities in the environment and a skin associated with the mesh, in addition to providing relational information between the fiducial marker and/or one or more objects, e.g. the tablet 702, the augmented reality device 773, the camera and/or scanning devices 775. The enhanced data storage capacity of the one or more fiducial markers provide an enhanced operation for the overall system 700C at least by increasing the communication efficiency between the various devices, including the tablet 702, the augmented reality device 773, the camera and/or scanning devices 775, and by ensuring the mesh is not interrupted and affecting the user experience associated with 700C.

In various embodiments, one or more devices of system 700C, including the tablet 702, can provide or transmit the relational and/or locational data to the one or more fiducial markers 741, 742, and in various embodiments, where the layout of the environment 701 is known, the information of the location and/or relational information of the various objects and entities associated therewith (including other fiducial markers) can be pre-uploaded therein and updated using one or more techniques as discussed herein. In various embodiments, where a LAB colorspace is used, the “A” and “B” channels of the LAB space can be encoded with the relevant relational and/or location information utilizing one or more techniques as discussed herein. FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a graphical user interface (GUI) 800 for an application of the system 100. In some embodiments, the user interface 800 is configured for the application 420 of FIG. 4.

The GUI 800, as illustrated in FIG. 8, includes several components, such as a toolbar 802 and GUI elements. The toolbar 802 includes, as one example tool, a recognize text tool 804 that, when invoked, scans an image 806, e.g., a barcode generated from one or more colorspace techniques and/or containing one or both of an ultraviolet layer and/or infrared layer as outlined herein. The scan can be using a key and/or verification bit in order for a valid scan to take place, where a proper scan may operate as a security measure to access and/or identify sensitive information 808. As described herein, the appropriate colorspace transform mechanism provides the most accurate edge detection results because an underlying colorspace model has a higher likelihood at edge detection than any other applicable colorspace model, and the barcode or fiducial marker can be generated with this in mind.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of an exemplary computing architecture 900 suitable for implementing various embodiments as previously described. In one embodiment, the computing architecture 900 may comprise or be implemented as part of an electronic device. Examples of an electronic device may include those described with reference to FIG. 3, among others. The embodiments are not limited in this context.

As used in this application, the terms “system” and “component” are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution, examples of which are provided by the exemplary computing architecture 900. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, a hard disk drive, multiple storage drives (of optical and/or magnetic storage medium), an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. Further, components may be communicatively coupled to each other by various types of communications media to coordinate operations. The coordination may involve the uni-directional or bi-directional exchange of information. For instance, the components may communicate information in the form of signals communicated over the communications media. The information can be implemented as signals allocated to various signal lines. In such allocations, each message is a signal. Further embodiments, however, may alternatively employ data messages. Such data messages may be sent across various connections. Exemplary connections include parallel interfaces, serial interfaces, and bus interfaces.

The computing architecture 900 includes various common computing elements, such as one or more processors, multi-core processors, co-processors, memory units, chipsets, controllers, peripherals, interfaces, oscillators, timing devices, video cards, audio cards, multimedia input/output (I/O) components, power supplies, and so forth. The embodiments, however, are not limited to implementation by the computing architecture 900.

As shown in FIG. 9, the computing architecture 900 comprises a processing unit 904, a system memory 906 and a system bus 908. The processing unit 904 can be any of various commercially available processors, including without limitation an AMD® Athlon®, Duron® and Opteron® processors; ARM® application, embedded and secure processors; IBM® and Motorola® DragonBall® and PowerPC® processors; IBM and Sony® Cell processors; Intel® Celeron®, Core (2) Duo®, Itanium®, Pentium®, Xeon®, and XScale® processors; and similar processors. Dual microprocessors, multi-core processors, and other multi-processor architectures may also be employed as the processing unit 904.

The system bus 908 provides an interface for system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 906 to the processing unit 904. The system bus 908 can be any of several types of bus structure that may further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. Interface adapters may connect to the system bus 908 via a slot architecture. Example slot architectures may include without limitation Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), Card Bus, (Extended) Industry Standard Architecture ((E)ISA), Micro Channel Architecture (MCA), NuBus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (Extended) (PCI(X)), PCI Express, Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA), and the like.

The computing architecture 900 may comprise or implement various articles of manufacture. An article of manufacture may comprise a computer-readable storage medium to store logic. Examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include any tangible media capable of storing electronic data, including volatile memory or non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and so forth. Examples of logic may include executable computer program instructions implemented using any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, object-oriented code, visual code, and the like. Embodiments may also be at least partly implemented as instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.

The system memory 906 may include various types of computer-readable storage media in the form of one or more higher speed memory units, such as read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), static RAM (SRAM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, polymer memory such as ferroelectric polymer memory, ovonic memory, phase change or ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, magnetic or optical cards, an array of devices such as Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) drives, solid state memory devices (e.g., USB memory, solid state drives (SSD) and any other type of storage media suitable for storing information. In the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the system memory 906 can include non-volatile memory 910 and/or volatile memory 912. A basic input/output system (BIOS) can be stored in the non-volatile memory 910.

The computer 902 may include various types of computer-readable storage media in the form of one or more lower speed memory units, including an internal (or external) hard disk drive (HDD) 914, a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 916 to read from or write to a removable magnetic disk 918, and an optical disk drive 920 to read from or write to a removable optical disk 922 (e.g., a CD-ROM or DVD). The HDD 914, FDD 916 and optical disk drive 920 can be connected to the system bus 908 by a HDD interface 924, an FDD interface 926 and an optical drive interface 928, respectively. The HDD interface 924 for external drive implementations can include at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE 1394 interface technologies.

The drives and associated computer-readable media provide volatile and/or nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For example, a number of program modules can be stored in the drives and memory units 910, 912, including an operating system 930, one or more application programs 932, other program modules 934, and program data 936. In one embodiment, the one or more application programs 932, other program modules 934, and program data 936 can include, for example, the various applications and/or components of the system 100.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 902 through one or more wire/wireless input devices, for example, a keyboard 938 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 940. Other input devices may include microphones, infra-red (IR) remote controls, radio-frequency (RF) remote controls, game pads, stylus pens, card readers, dongles, finger print readers, gloves, graphics tablets, joysticks, keyboards, retina readers, touch screens (e.g., capacitive, resistive, etc.), trackballs, trackpads, sensors, styluses, and the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 904 through an input device interface 942 that is coupled to the system bus 908 but can be connected by other interfaces such as a parallel port, IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, and so forth.

A monitor 944 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 908 via an interface, such as a video adaptor 946. The monitor 944 may be internal or external to the computer 902. In addition to the monitor 944, a computer typically includes other peripheral output devices, such as speakers, printers, and so forth.

The computer 902 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections via wire and/or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 948. The remote computer 948 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainment appliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer 902, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device 950 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted include wire/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 952 and/or larger networks, for example, a wide area network (WAN) 954. Such LAN and WAN networking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, and facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all of which may connect to a global communications network, for example, the Internet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 902 is connected to the LAN 952 through a wire and/or wireless communication network interface or adaptor 956. The adaptor 956 can facilitate wire and/or wireless communications to the LAN 952, which may also include a wireless access point disposed thereon for communicating with the wireless functionality of the adaptor 956.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 902 can include a modem 958, or is connected to a communications server on the WAN 954, or has other means for establishing communications over the WAN 954, such as by way of the Internet. The modem 958, which can be internal or external and a wire and/or wireless device, connects to the system bus 908 via the input device interface 942. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 902, or portions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device 950. It may be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers can be used.

The computer 902 is operable to communicate with wire and wireless devices or entities using the IEEE 802 family of standards, such as wireless devices operatively disposed in wireless communication (e.g., IEEE 802.11 over-the-air modulation techniques). This includes at least Wi-Fi (or Wireless Fidelity), WiMax, and Bluetooth™ wireless technologies, among others. Thus, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11x (a, b, g, n, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wire networks (which use IEEE 802.3-related media and functions).

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary communications architecture 1000 suitable for implementing various embodiments as previously described. The communications architecture 1000 includes various common communications elements, such as a transmitter, receiver, transceiver, radio, network interface, baseband processor, antenna, amplifiers, filters, power supplies, and so forth. The embodiments, however, are not limited to implementation by the communications architecture 1000.

As shown in FIG. 10, the communications architecture 1000 comprises includes one or more clients 1002 and servers 1004. The clients 1002 may implement the client device 310. The servers 1004 may implement the server device 950. The clients 1002 and the servers 1004 are operatively connected to one or more respective client data stores 1008 and server data stores 1010 that can be employed to store information local to the respective clients 1002 and servers 1004, such as cookies and/or associated contextual information.

The clients 1002 and the servers 1004 may communicate information between each other using a communication framework 1006. The communications framework 1006 may implement any well-known communications techniques and protocols. The communications framework 1006 may be implemented as a packet-switched network (e.g., public networks such as the Internet, private networks such as an enterprise intranet, and so forth), a circuit-switched network (e.g., the public switched telephone network), or a combination of a packet-switched network and a circuit-switched network (with suitable gateways and translators).

The communications framework 1006 may implement various network interfaces arranged to accept, communicate, and connect to a communications network. A network interface may be regarded as a specialized form of an input output interface. Network interfaces may employ connection protocols including without limitation direct connect, Ethernet (e.g., thick, thin, twisted pair 10/100/1000 Base T, and the like), token ring, wireless network interfaces, cellular network interfaces, IEEE 802.11a-x network interfaces, IEEE 802.16 network interfaces, IEEE 802.20 network interfaces, and the like. Further, multiple network interfaces may be used to engage with various communications network types. For example, multiple network interfaces may be employed to allow for the communication over broadcast, multicast, and unicast networks. Should processing requirements dictate a greater amount speed and capacity, distributed network controller architectures may similarly be employed to pool, load balance, and otherwise increase the communicative bandwidth required by clients 1002 and the servers 1004. A communications network may be any one and the combination of wired and/or wireless networks including without limitation a direct interconnection, a secured custom connection, a private network (e.g., an enterprise intranet), a public network (e.g., the Internet), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), an Operating Missions as Nodes on the Internet (OMNI), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a wireless network, a cellular network, and other communications networks.

Some embodiments may be described using the expression “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” along with their derivatives. These terms mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, some embodiments may be described using the expression “coupled” and “connected” along with their derivatives. These terms are not necessarily intended as synonyms for each other. For example, some embodiments may be described using the terms “connected” and/or “coupled” to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The term “coupled,” however, may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.

It is emphasized that the Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to allow a reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it may not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein,” respectively. Moreover, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and so forth, are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

What has been described above includes examples of the disclosed architecture. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components and/or methodologies, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Accordingly, the novel architecture is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus, comprising: a memory to store instructions; and processing circuitry, coupled with the memory, operable to execute the instructions, that when executed, cause the processing circuitry to: instruct a configurable logic array to: determine a most prevalent plurality of colors associated with a target in an environment based on a histogram by mapping the most prevalent plurality of colors according to a colorspace, wherein the colorspace is converted to another colorspace; and determine a related plurality of colors based on the histogram by determining at least one set of color coordinates for each one of the most prevalent plurality of colors according to the another colorspace and determining at least one set of color coordinates corresponding to the related plurality of colors according to the another colorspace, wherein the related plurality of colors include at least one of an absent color in relation to the environment or a least prevalent color in relation to the environment.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, the processing circuitry to instruct the configurable logic array to: receive a representative dataset comprising one or more images of a target or one or more videos of the target, wherein the target includes at least one of the environment, a live entity, or an object; and process the representative dataset to create the histogram.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the target is the object, wherein the object is a virtual object, and wherein the environment is a virtual environment.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, the processing circuitry to instruct the configurable logic array to: update the target based on the related plurality of colors.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1, the processing circuitry to instruct the configurable logic array to: detect a change in the environment, wherein the configurable logic array performs the colorspace conversion based on the detected change in the environment.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the colorspace is converted based on the sets of color coordinates for the most prevalent colors and least prevalent colors.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the related plurality of colors are based on a respective distance between the most prevalent colors and the least prevalent colors in a distribution of the another colorspace.
 8. A method, comprising: determining, by a configurable logic array, a most prevalent plurality of colors associated with a target in an environment based on a histogram by mapping the most prevalent plurality of colors according to a colorspace, wherein the colorspace is converted to another colorspace; and determining, by the configurable logic array, a related plurality of colors based on the histogram by determining at least one set of color coordinates for each one of the most prevalent plurality of colors according to the another colorspace and determining at least one set of color coordinates corresponding to the related plurality of colors according to the another colorspace, wherein the related plurality of colors include at least one of an absent color in relation to the environment or a least prevalent color in relation to the environment.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: receiving, by the configurable logic array, a representative dataset comprising one or more images of a target or one or more videos of the target, wherein the target includes at least one of the environment, a live entity, or an object; and processing, by the configurable logic array, the representative dataset to create the histogram.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the target is the object, wherein the object is a virtual object, and wherein the environment is a virtual environment.
 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising: updating the target based on the related plurality of colors.
 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising: detecting a change in the environment, wherein the configurable logic array performs the colorspace conversion based on the detected change in the environment.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the colorspace is converted based on the sets of color coordinates for the most prevalent colors and least prevalent colors.
 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the related plurality of colors are based on a respective distance between the most prevalent colors and the least prevalent colors in a distribution of the another colorspace.
 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising computer-readable executable code executable by a configurable logic array to cause the configurable logic array to: determine a most prevalent plurality of colors associated with a target in an environment based on a histogram by mapping the most prevalent plurality of colors according to a colorspace, wherein the colorspace is converted to another colorspace; and determine a related plurality of colors based on the histogram by determining at least one set of color coordinates for each one of the most prevalent plurality of colors according to the another colorspace and determining at least one set of color coordinates corresponding to the related plurality of colors according to the another colorspace, wherein the related plurality of colors include at least one of an absent color in relation to the environment or a least prevalent color in relation to the environment.
 16. The medium of claim 15, comprising computer-readable executable code executable by the configurable logic array to cause the configurable logic array to: receive a representative dataset comprising one or more images of a target or one or more videos of the target, wherein the target includes at least one of the environment, a live entity, or an object; and process the representative dataset to create the histogram.
 17. The medium of claim 16, wherein the target is the object, wherein the object is a virtual object, and wherein the environment is a virtual environment.
 18. The medium of claim 15, comprising computer-readable executable code executable by the configurable logic array to cause the configurable logic array to: update the target based on the related plurality of colors.
 19. The medium of claim 15, comprising computer-readable executable code executable by the configurable logic array to cause the configurable logic array to: detect a change in the environment, wherein the configurable logic array performs the colorspace conversion based on the detected change in the environment.
 20. The medium of claim 15, wherein the colorspace is converted based on the sets of color coordinates for the most prevalent colors and least prevalent colors, wherein the related plurality of colors are based on a respective distance between the most prevalent colors and the least prevalent colors in a distribution of the another colorspace. 